EXPERIENCE OF EXTRACRANIAL-INTRACRANIAL BYPASS WITH USING MAXILLARY ARTERY

Objective is to present the first experience of creating extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass using the maxillary artery (MA) as an arterial donor for treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms (GIA), as well as for treatment of internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.

Materials and methods. We performed EC-IC bypasses using MA at 4 patients: at 3 patients with GIA of the anterior part of the Willis circle (giant fusiform aneurysm of the М1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA), giant fusiform aneurysm of the supraclinoid part of ICA, giant ICA bifurcation aneurysm) and at patient with ICA occlusion. All patients with aneurysms had tumor-like clinical manifestation. Patient with ICA occlusion had crescendo ipsilateral MCA transient ischemic attacks. Creation of the traditional EC-IC bypass was impossible because of superficial temporal artery injury as result of prior surgery in other hospital.

Results. We used transzygomatic pterional craniotomy, MA as a donor artery, M2 segment of MCA as a recipient artery and radial artery as an interposition graft in all cases. At patient with ICA occlusion surgical treatment included bypass creation, at all patients with GIA after bypass creation we performed aneurysm trapping (distal clipping of М1 segment at patient with MCA aneurysm, cervical ICA ligation at patient with supraclinoid ICA GIA, temporary trapping, thrombectomy and aneurysm clipping at patient with bifurcation ICA GIA). We confirmed bypass patency by intraoperative Doppler sonography and flowmetry and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in postoperative period. In all cases bypasses were patent with flow 33–57 ml per min. Patient with ICA bifurcation GIA suffered from contralateral hemiparesis due to ischemia in anterior choroid artery territory in early postoperative period, which partially regressed at discharge. In other cases there were not any complications.

Conclusion. EC-IC bypasses with using MA as a donor and radial artery as an interposition graft can provide sufficient replacement blood flow in the MCA territory in cases of giant cerebral aneurysms and in patients with occlusion of the ICA. This type of bypasses is less traumatic compared with high-flow bypasses. Given the shorter length and less tortuosity of the graft, its more secure localization, we can assume a lower risk of bypass thrombosis in the early and late postoperative periods and higher patency of the graft.

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