Results of revascularizing operations performed in the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage

The study objective is an assessment of long-term results of cerebral revascularization performed in the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of cerebral aneurysms.

Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study includes 74 patients, operated in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in the acute period of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group contained patients with EC—IC bypass performed in the acute period of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The Control group contained patients without bypass. In the long-term period, 11 patients were examined. Computed tomography of cerebral vessels, duplex ultrasound examination of the aortic arch, brachiocephalic arteries and intracranial vessels, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography with a breathing function test, single-photon emission computed tomography of the brain followed by stress test with acetazolamide, Modified Renkin Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Index Bartel, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Holms-Rahe were performed. For descriptive results, a mathematical model was used.

Results. The best treatment outcomes in severe patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia were observed when performing simultaneous clipping of the aneurysm and EC-IC bypass (57.1 % versus 41.0 %) there was no statistically significant difference in outcomes. EC-IC bypass functioned in 37.5 % of cases. The rate and acceleration of the fall in volumetric blood flow and the passage of blood from the aortic bulb to the cerebral arterioles affect the perfusion values in the region of the brain concerned. Evaluation of long-term results of simultaneous interventions revealed persistent disturbances in the regulation of cerebral blood flow at the microcirculatory level. Patients with EC-IC bypass had a higher level of cognitive function and stress potential.

Conclusion. The results of this study showed us the necessity for a comprehensive exploration of cerebral blood flow.

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