Dysphonia, dysphagia, and injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve with anterior cervical spinal fusion
https://doi.org/10.17650/1683-3295-2020-22-2-98-104
Abstract
Dysphagia, dysphonia and injuries of the recurrent laryngeal nerve still remain the most frequent complications of anterior cervical spinal fusion despite rich world experience, high technological level of anterior supporting complex surgeries. These complications very seldom lead to life-threatening situations, but they reduce patients’ quality of life during the early post-surgical period and patients’ satisfaction with the results of the surgery. The main reasons of intraoperative damage of esophagus, larynx and recurrent laryngeal nerve, methods of dysphagia and dysphonia prevention are described in this work.
About the Authors
A. A. Grin
N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergensy Medicine, Moscow Healthcare Department; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090; Bld. 1, 20Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473
D. S. Kasatkin
Clinical Medical Center, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Bld. 4, 1A Kuskovskaya St., Moscow 111398
V. D. Shtadler
A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Bld. 1, 20Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473
References
1. Korzh N.A. Instability of the cervical spine. Abstract of the dis. ... of doctor of med. sciences. Kharkov, 1985. 433 p. (In Russ.).
2. Matveyev A.N., Glukhikh D.L. Combined anterior fusion for cervical spine injury. Hirurgiya Pozvonochnika = Spine Surgery 2006;(3):24-8. (In Russ.).
3. Osna A.I., Lutsik A.A. Surgical treatment of old injury of cervical vertebrae with spinal cord compression. Voprosy nejrohirurgii im. N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 1973;(3):46—50. (In Russ.).
4. Bailey R.W., Badgley C.E. Stabilization of the cervical spine by anterior fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1960;42-A:565—94.
5. Garvey T.A., Eismont FJ., Roberti L.J. Anterior decompression, structural bone grafting, and Caspar plate stabilization for unstable cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations. Spine 1992;17(10):431—5. DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199210001-00015.
6. Memtsoudis S.G., Ma Y., Gonzalez Della Valle A. et al. Perioperative outcomes after unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Anesthesiology 2009;111(6):1206-16. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181bfab7d.
7. Memtsoudis S.G., Hughes A., Ma Y. et al. Increased in-hospital complications after primary posterior versus primary anterior cervical fusion. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011;469(3):649— 57. DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1549-4.
8. Wang M.C., Chan L., Maiman D.J. et al. Complications and mortality associated with cervical spine surgery for degenerative disease in the United States. Spine 2007;32(3):342-7. DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000254120.25411.ae.
9. Shamji M.F., Cook C., Tackett S. et al. Impact of preoperative neurological status on perioperative morbidity associated with anterior and posterior cervical fusion. J Neurosurg Spine 2008;9(1):10—6. DOI: 10.3171/SPI/2008/9/7/010.
10. Grin’ A.A., Kaykov A.K., Krylov VV The prophylaxis and treatment of various complications at patients with spinal trauma (part 1). Nejrohirurgiya = Russian Journal of Neurosurgery 2014;(4):75—86. (In Russ.).
11. Grin’ A.A., Kaykov A.K., Krylov VV The prophylaxis and treatment of various complications at patients with spinal trauma (part 2). Nejrohirur-giya = Russian Journal of Neurosurgery 2015;(1):55—66. (In Russ.).
12. Крылов В.В., Гринь А.А., Тимерба-ев В.Х. и др. Травма позвоночника и спинного мозга. М.: Принт-Студио, 2014. 420 с. [Krylov V.V., Grin’ A.A., Timerbayev V.Kh. et al. Trauma of spine and spinal cord. Moscow: Print-Studio, 2014. 420 p. (In Russ.)].
13. An H.S., Jenis L.G. Complications of spine surgery: treatment and preventions. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. Pp. 11-41; 79-81; 143-157. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b2.0890283b.
14. Yasuda T., Togawa D., Hasegawa T. et al. Hypoglossal nerve palsy as a complication of an anterior approach for cervical spine surgery. Asian Spine J 2015;9(2):295—8. DOI: 10.4184/asj.2015.9.2.295.
15. Lambiris E., Zouboulis P., Tyllianakis M., Panagiotopoulos E. Anterior surgery for unstable lower cervical spine injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003;(411):61—9. DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000068185.83581.cf.
16. Ozgen S., Naderi S., Ozek M.M., Pamir M.N. Retrospective review of cervical corpectomy: indications, complications and outcome. Acta Neurochir 2004;146(10):1099-105. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-004-0327-z.
17. Veeravagu A., Cole T., Jiang B., Ratliff J.K. Revision rates and complication incidence in single- and multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures: an administrative database study. Spine J 2014;14(7):1125—31. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.07.474.
18. Yarikov D.E., Baskov A.V Anterior access for stabilization of the cervical part of the spine. Nejrohirurgiya = Russian Journal of Neurosurgery 2000;(1):32-8. (In Russ.).
19. Smith J.S., Ramchandran S., Lafage V. et al. Prospective multicenter assessment of early complication rates associated with adult cervical deformity surgery in 78 patients. Neurosurgery 2016;79(3):378—88. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001129.
20. Cho S.K., Lu Y., Lee D.H. Dysphagia following anterior cervical spinal surgery: a systematic review. Bone Joint J 2013;95(7):868—73. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B7.31029.
21. Bazaz R., Lee M.J., Yoo J.U. Incidence of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study. Spine 2002;27(22):2453—8. DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200211150-00007.
22. Heeneman H. Vocal cord paralysis following approaches to the anterior cervical spine. Laryngoscope 1973;83(1):17—21. DOI: 10.1288/00005537-197301000-00002.
23. Beutler WJ., Sweeney C.A., Connolly PJ. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury with anterior cervical spine surgery risk with laterality of surgical approach. Spine 2001;26(12):1337—42. DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200106150-00014.
24. Morpeth J.F., Williams M.F. Vocal fold paralysis after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. Laryngoscope 2000;110(1):43—6. DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200001000-00009.
25. Tan T.P., Govindarajulu A.P., Massicotte E.M., Venkatraghavan L. Vocal cord palsy after anterior cervical spine surgery: a qualitative systematic review. Spine J 2014;14(7):1332—42. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.02.017.
26. Tew J.M., Mayfield F.H. Complications of surgery of the anterior cervical spine. Clin Neurosurg 1976;23:424-34. DOI: 10.1093/neurosurgery/23.cn_suppl_1.424.
27. Winslow C.P., Winslow T.J., Wax M.K. Dysphonia and dysphagia following the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;127(1):51—5. DOI: 10.1001/archotol.127.1.51.
28. Bobrov V.M., Lysenko V.A., Shushkov P.V., Bydanov V.A. Esophageal injuries caused by foreign bodies or instruments. Vestnik Otorinolaringologii = Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology 2005;(2):55—7. (In Russ.).
29. Bobrov V.M. Dysphonia and dysphagia in patients with Forestier’s disease. Rossijskaya Otorinolaringologiya = Russian Otorhinolaryngology 2009;42(5):164—6. (In Russ.).
30. Grigor’ev G.N. Types of ENT’s dysfunctions with cervical osteochondrosis. Zhurnal ushnyh, nosovyh i gorlovyh boleznej = Journal of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases 1969;(6):59—66. (In Russ.).
31. Lesoin F., Bouasakao N., Clarisse J. et al. Results of surgical treatment of radiculo-myelopathy caused by cervical arthrosis based on 1000 operations. Surg Neurol 1985;23(4):350—5. DOI: 10.1016/0090-3019(85)90205-8.
32. Yan B., Nie L. Clinical comparison of zero-profile interbody fusion device and anterior cervical plate interbody fusion in treating cervical spondylosis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(8):13854—8.
33. Egerter A.C., Kim E.S., Lee D.J. et al. Dysphagia secondary to anterior osteophytes of the cervical spine. Global Spine J 2015;5(5):78—83. DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546954.
34. Scholz M., Schnake K.J., Pingel A. et al. New zero-profile implant for stand-alone anterior cervical interbody fusion. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011;469(3):666—73. DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1597-9.
35. Carucci L.R., Turner M.A., Yeatman C.F. Dysphagia secondary to anterior cervical fusion: radiologic evaluation and findings in 74 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015;204(4):768—75. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.14.13148.
36. Cloward R.B. New method of diagnosis and treatment of cervical disc disease. Neurosurgery 1962;8(Suppl 1):93—132. DOI: 10.1093/neurosurgery/8.CN_suppl_1.93.
37. Jung A., Schramm J. How to reduce recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective observational study. Neurosurgery 2010;67(1):10— 5. DOI: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000370203.26164.24.
38. Miscusiet M., Bellitti A., Peschillo S. et al. Does recurrent laryngeal nerve anatomy condition the choice of the side for approaching the anterior cervical spine? J Neurosurg Sci 2007;51(2):61—4.
39. Galen K. Usefulness of the Parts of the Body. Moscow: Meditsina, 1971. 281 p. (In Russ.).
40. Crile G.W., Saunders W.B. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland. Philadelphia, 1932. 508 p.
41. Romanchishen A.F., Majstrenko N.A. History of endocrine surgery in Russia. 30 years of operation of the Center for Endocrine Surgery of St. Petersburg. XI Surgical Endocrinology Symposium. Proceedings, July 15—17. Saint Peresburg, 2006. Pp. 136—143. (In Russ.).
42. Cheren’ko M.P., Tanasienko I.D., Stepanenko P.P. et al. Justification of indications and experience of surgical treatment of patients with thyroid pathology. Klinicheskaya hirurgiya = Clinical Surgery 1987;(5):76—9. (In Russ.).
43. Chernyh A.V. Maleev Yu.V., Shmakova N.M. Variational anatomy of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Morfologiya = Morphology 2008;133(2):150. (In Russ.).
44. Kovanov V.V., Bomash Yu.M. Practical guide of topographic anatomy. Moscow: Meditsina, 1967. 423 p. (In Russ.).
45. Jellish W.S., Jensen R.L., Anderson D.E., Shea J.F. Intraoperative electromyographic assessment of recurrent laryngeal nerve stress and pharyngeal injury during anterior cervical spine surgery with Caspar instrumentation. J Neurosurg 1999;91(Suppl 2):170—4. DOI: 10.3171/spi.1999.91.2.0170.
46. Kilburg C., Sullivan H.G., Mathiason M.A. Effect of approach side during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion on the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. J Neurosurg Spine 2006;4(4):273—7. DOI: 10.3171/spi.2006.4.4.273.
47. Weisberg N.K., Spengler D.M., Netterville J.L. Stretch-induced nerve injury as a cause of paralysis secondary to the anterior cervical approach. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;116(3)317—26. DOI: 10.1016/S0194-59989770266-3.
48. Shmakova N.M. Typical features of the recurrent laryngeal nerve as risk factors for its intraoperative damage. Abstract of the dis. ... of cand. of med. sciences. Vrronezh, 2007. 153 p. (In Russ.).
49. Eleraky M.A., Llanos C., Sonntag V.K. Cervical corpectomy: report of 185 cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 1999;90(1):35—41. DOI: 10.3171/spi.1999.90.1.0035.
50. Kahraman S., Sirin S., Erdogan E., Atabey C. et al. Is dysphonia permanent or temporary after anterior cervical approach? Eur Spine J 2007;16(12):2092— 5. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-007-0489-5.
51. Curry A.L., Young W.F. Preoperative laryngoscopic examination in patients undergoing repeat anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Int J Spine Surg 2013;7:81—3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsp.2013.05.002.
52. Stewart M., Johnston R.A., Stewart I., Wilson J.A. Swallowing performance following anterior cervical spine surgery. Br J Neurosurg 1995;9(5):905—9. DOI: 10.1080/02688699550040882.
53. Farrag T.Y., Samlan R.A., Lin F.R., Tufano P.R. The utility of evaluating true vocal fold motion before thyroid surgery. Laryngoscope 2006;116(2):235—8. DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000191472.02720.1f.
54. Paniello R.C., Martin-Bredahl K.J., Henkener L.J., Riew K.D. Preoperative laryngeal nerve screening for revision anterior cervical spine procedures. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2008;117(8):594—7. DOI: 10.1177/000348940811700808.
55. Kriskovich M.D., Apfelbaum R.I., Haller J.R. Vocal fold paralysis after anterior cervical spine surgery: incidence, mechanism, and prevention of injury. Laryngoscope 2000;110(9):1467—73. DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200009000-00011.
56. Tewari A., Samy R.N., Castle J. et al. Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring of the Laryngeal Nerves During Anterior Neck Surgery: A Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017;126(1):67—72. DOI: 10.1177/0003489416675354.
57. Tisdall M.M., Henn C., Dorward N.L. Intra-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation during anterior cervical discectomy: a simple and effective technique. Br J Neurosurg 2010;24(1):77—9. DOI: 10.3109/02688690903398459.
58. Audu P., Artz G., Scheid S. et al. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after anterior cervical spine surgery: the impact of endotracheal tube cuff deflation, reinflation, and pressure adjustment. Anesthesiology 2006;105(5)898—901. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200611000-00009.
59. Coric D., Branch C.L., Jenkins J.D. Revision of anterior cervical pseudoarthrosis with anterior allograft fusion and plating. J Neurosurg 1997;86(6):969—74. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1997.86.6.0969.
60. Tribus C.B., Corteen D.P., Zdeblick T.A. The efficacy of anterior cervical plating in the management of symptomatic pseudoarthrosis of the cervical spine. Spine 1999;24(9):860—4. DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199905010-00005.
61. Winkler E.A., Rowland N.C., Yue J.K. et al. A tunneled subcricoid approach for anterior cervical spine reoperation: technical and safety. World Neurosurgery 2016;86:328-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.028.
62. Malagelada J., Bazzoli F., Boeckxstaens G. et al. WGO Global Guidelines — Dysphagia. Available by: https://www.worldgastroenterology.org/UserFiles/file/guidelines/dysphagia-russian-2014.pdf.
Review
For citations:
Grin A.A., Kasatkin D.S., Shtadler V.D. Dysphonia, dysphagia, and injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve with anterior cervical spinal fusion. Russian journal of neurosurgery. 2020;22(2):98-104. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17650/1683-3295-2020-22-2-98-104
Views:
1845
Email this article 