<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2020-22-2-58-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-891</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Электростимуляция спинного мозга в лечении пациентов с дегенеративным стенозом позвоночного канала на поясничном уровне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spinal cord electrostimulation in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-1752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Сергеевич Никитин</p><p>127473 Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 1, 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zateya@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-9357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исагулян</surname><given-names>Э. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isagulyan</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-1344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нанаев</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nanaev</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127473 Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 1, 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6991-0684</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344022 Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>29 Nakhichevansky Ln., Rostov-on-don 344022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитин А.С., Исагулян Э.Д., Нанаев Р.М., Лысенко А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин А.С., Исагулян Э.Д., Нанаев Р.М., Лысенко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin A.S., Isagulyan E.D., Nanaev R.M., Lysenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/891">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/891</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — оценить эффективность электростимуляции спинного мозга в лечении пациентов с дегенеративным стенозом позвоночного канала на поясничном уровне.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находились 20 пациентов с симптомным стенозом. Критерием исключения пациентов из исследования было наличие механической осевой боли в поясничной области. Большинству пациентов (п = 18) было отказано в проведении открытой декомпрессии ввиду тяжелой сопутствующей соматической патологии, а 2 пациента сами отказались от вмешательства. Всем пациентам имплантировали эпидуральный электрод для тестовой электростимуляции спинного мозга. Критериями оценки результатов вмешательства были интенсивность болевого синдрома, оцениваемого по визуально-аналоговой шкале, и дистанция, которую пациент мог пройти без остановок. Исходы оценивали через 8 дней и через 6 мес после операции. Удовлетворительным результатом считали снижение интенсивности боли на 50 % и более.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Удовлетворительный результат тестовой электростимуляции получен у 18 пациентов, и в дальнейшем всем этим пациентам была имплантирована система для постоянной электростимуляции спинного мозга. Средняя оценка интенсивности боли в поясничной области на фоне электростимуляции снизилась с 4,2 до 3,1 балла, а в ноге — с 7,2 до 2,2 балла. Средняя дистанция, преодолеваемая без остановок, увеличилась с 58 до 245м. При этом моторный компонент нейрогенной хромоты уменьшился только у 1 пациентки. На фоне регресса корешковых болей главным фактором, ограничивающим преодолеваемое расстояние, стали жалобы на одышку и боль за грудиной, свидетельствующие о декомпенсации сердечной недостаточности. До имплантации системы для электростимуляции только у 3 пациентов способность к ходьбе не была ограничена, на фоне электростимуляции таких пациентов стало 7.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Электростимуляция спинного мозга является эффективным паллиативным пособием у пациентов с дегенеративным стенозом позвоночного канала на поясничном уровне.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study objective is to assess the effectiveness of spinal cord electrostimulation in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A study was conducted among 20 patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. All patients had radicular symptoms or neurogenic claudication. Most patients (n = 18) were rejected from open decompression because of severe concomitant somatic pathology. Two patients refused from open intervention, they were offered electrostimulation. All patients (n = 20) were implanted of the test epidural electrode for spinal cord electrostimulation. Outcomes were assessed by using a visual analogue scale and increasing of the distance of non-stop walking in 8 days after surgery. Among patients with chronic spinal cord electrostimulation, outcomes were assessed in 6 months after implantation. A satisfactory result was considered as a decreasing of pain more than 50 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. А satisfactory result of test electrostimulation was noted in 18 patients, all of them were implanted of system of the chronic spinal cord electrostimulation. The average value of lumbar pain changed from 4.2 to 3.1 points, and the average value of leg-pain changed from 7.2 to 2.2 points. The average value of the non-stop walking distance changedfrom 58 to 245 meters. At the same time, the motor component of neurogenic claudication decreased in only 1 patient. In some patients, after regression of radicular pain, heart complaints became the main factor limiting walking. Before electrostimulation, only 3 patients had no walking restriction. After electrostimulation 7 patients had no walking restriction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Spinal cord electrostimulation is an effective palliative option in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дегенеративный стеноз позвоночного канала на поясничном уровне</kwd><kwd>электростимуляция спинного мозга</kwd><kwd>нейростимуляция</kwd><kwd>болевой синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis</kwd><kwd>spinal cord electrostimulation</kwd><kwd>neurostimulation</kwd><kwd>pain</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otani K., Kikuchi S., Yabuki S. et al. Lumbar spinal stenosis has a negative impact on quality of life compared with other comorbidities: an epidemiological cross-sectional study of 1862 community-dwelling individuals. Scientific World Journal 2013;2013:590652. DOI: 10.1155/2013/590652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otani K., Kikuchi S., Yabuki S. et al. Lumbar spinal stenosis has a negative impact on quality of life compared with other comorbidities: an epidemiological cross-sectional study of 1862 community-dwelling individuals. Scientific World Journal 2013;2013:590652. DOI: 10.1155/2013/590652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитин А.С., Камчатнов П.Р. Консервативное лечение больных с дегенеративным люмбальным стенозом. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 2019;119(6):32—41.. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911906132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitin A.S., Kamchatnov P.R. The conservative treatment of patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2019;119(6):32—41. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911906132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитин А.С., Асратян С.А., Камчатнов П.Р. Стеноз поясничного отдела позвоночного канала. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 2015;115(7):130—40. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201511571130-140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitin A.S., Asratyan S.A., Kamchatnov P.R. Stenosis of the vertebral canal in the lower spine. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2015;115(7):130—40. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201511571130-140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гринь А.А., Никитин А.С., Каландари А.А. и др. Интерламинарная декомпрессия в лечении пациентов с дегенеративным стенозом позвоночного канала на поясничном уровне (обзор литературы и результаты собственного исследования). Нейрохирургия 2019;21(4):57—66. DOI: 10.17650/1683-3295-2019-21-4-57-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grin A.A., Nikitin A.S., Kalandari A.A. et al. Interlaminar decompression for patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis. Literature review and results of a prospective study. Neyrokhirurgiya = Russian Journal of Neurosurgery 2019;21(4):57—66. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17650/1683-3295-2019-21-4-57-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slatis P., Malmivaara A., Heliovaara M. et al. Long-term results of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Spine J 2011;20(7):1174—81. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1652-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slatis P., Malmivaara A., Heliovaara M. et al. Long-term results of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Spine J 2011;20(7):1174—81. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1652-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinstein J., Tosteson T., Lurie J. et al. Surgical versus non-operative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis four-year results of the spine patient outcomes research trial (SPORT). Spine 2010;35(14):1329—38. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181e0f04d.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstein J., Tosteson T., Lurie J. et al. Surgical versus non-operative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis four-year results of the spine patient outcomes research trial (SPORT). Spine 2010;35(14):1329—38. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181e0f04d.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinstein J., Lurie J., Tosteson T. Surgical compared with nonoperative treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. Four-year results in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) randomized and observational cohorts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91(6):1295—304. DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.H.00913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstein J., Lurie J., Tosteson T. Surgical compared with nonoperative treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. Fouryear results in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) randomized and observational cohorts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91(6):1295—304. DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.H.00913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGregor A., Probyn K., Cro S. et al. Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. A Cochrane Review. Spine 2014;39(13):1044—54. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGregor A., Probyn K., Cro S. et al. Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. A Cochrane Review. Spine 2014;39(13):1044—54. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asadian L., Haddadi K., Aarabi M., Zare A. Diabetes mellitus, a new risk factor for lumbar spinal stenosis: a case-control study. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2016;9:1-5. DOI: 10.4137/CMED.S39035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asadian L., Haddadi K., Aarabi M., Zare A. Diabetes mellitus, a new risk factor for lumbar spinal stenosis: a case-control study. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2016;9:1-5. DOI: 10.4137/CMED.S39035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sekiguchi M., Yonemoto K., Kakuma T. et al. Relationship between lumbar spinal stenosis and psychosocial factors: a multicenter cross-sectional study (DISTO project). Eur Spine J 2015;24(10):2288—94. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4002-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sekiguchi M., Yonemoto K., Kakuma T. et al. Relationship between lumbar spinal stenosis and psychosocial factors: a multicenter cross-sectional study (DISTO project). Eur Spine J 2015;24(10):2288—94. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4002-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coronado Zarco R., Caballero C., Miranda Duarte A. et al. [Spinal stenosis-related risk factors: case and control study (In Spanish)]. Acta Ortop Mex 2007;21(2):105—10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coronado Zarco R., Caballero C., Miranda Duarte A. et al. [Spinal stenosis-related risk factors: case and control study (In Spanish)]. Acta Ortop Mex 2007;21(2):105—10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melzack R., Wall P.D. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 1965;150(3699):971 —9. DOI: 10.1126/science.150.3699.971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melzack R., Wall P.D. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 1965;150(3699):971 —9. DOI: 10.1126/science.150.3699.971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stiller C.O., Cui J-G., O’Connor W.T. et al. Release of GABA in the dorsal horn and suppression of tactile allodynia by spinal cord stimulation in mononeuropathic rats. Neurosurgery 1996;39(2):367—75. DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199608000-00026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stiller C.O., Cui J-G., O’Connor W.T. et al. Release of GABA in the dorsal horn and suppression of tactile allodynia by spinal cord stimulation in mononeuropathic rats. Neurosurgery 1996;39(2):367—75. DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199608000-00026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui J.G., O’Connor W.T., Ungerstedt U. et al. Spinal cord stimulation attenuates augmented dorsal horn release of excitatory amino acids in mononeuropathy via a GABAergic mechanism. Pain 1997;73(1):87—95. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00077-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui J.G., O’Connor W.T., Ungerstedt U. et al. Spinal cord stimulation attenuates augmented dorsal horn release of excitatory amino acids in mononeuropathy via a GABAergic mechanism. Pain 1997;73(1):87—95. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00077-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yakhnitsa V., Linderoth B., Meyerson B.A. Modulation of dorsal horn neuronal activity by spinal cord stimulation in a rat model of neuropathy: the role of the dorsal funicles. Neurophysiology 1998;30(6):424—7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakhnitsa V., Linderoth B., Meyerson B.A. Modulation of dorsal horn neuronal activity by spinal cord stimulation in a rat model of neuropathy: the role of the dorsal funicles. Neurophysiology 1998;30(6):424—7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linderoth B., Foreman R.D., Meyerson BA. Mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation. In: Textbook of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. Ed. by A.M. Lozano, P.L. Gildenberg, R.R. Tasker. 2nd edn. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2009. 3288 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linderoth B., Foreman R.D., Meyerson BA. Mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation. In: Textbook of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. Ed. by A.M. Lozano, P.L. Gildenberg, R.R. Tasker. 2nd edn. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2009. 3288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamihara M., Nakano S., Fukunaga T. et al. Spinal cord stimulation for treatment of leg pain associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. Neuromodulation 2014;17(4): 340—4. DOI: 10.1111/ner.12092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamihara M., Nakano S., Fukunaga T. et al. Spinal cord stimulation for treatment of leg pain associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. Neuromodulation 2014;17(4): 340—4. DOI: 10.1111/ner.12092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costantini A., Buchser E., Van Buyten J.P. Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Neuromodulation 2020;13(4):275—80. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2010.00289.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costantini A., Buchser E., Van Buyten J.P. Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Neuromodulation 2020;13(4):275—80. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2010.00289.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chandler G.S. 3rd, Nixon B., Stewart L., Love J. Dorsal column stimulation for lumbar spinal stenosis. Pain Physician 2003;6(1):113—8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chandler G.S. 3rd, Nixon B., Stewart L., Love J. Dorsal column stimulation for lumbar spinal stenosis. Pain Physician 2003;6(1):113—8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron T. Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review. J Neurosurg 2004;100(3):254—67. DOI: 10.3171/spi.2004.100.3.0254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron T. Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review. J Neurosurg 2004;100(3):254—67. DOI: 10.3171/spi.2004.100.3.0254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy R., Henderson J., Slavin K. et al. Incidence and avoidance of neurologic complications with paddle type spinal cord stimulation leads. Neuromodulation 2011;14(5):412—22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00395.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levy R., Henderson J., Slavin K. et al. Incidence and avoidance of neurologic complications with paddle type spinal cord stimulation leads. Neuromodulation 2011;14(5):412—22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00395.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
