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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2020-22-2-14-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-885</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности эндоваскулярной эмболизации артериовенозных мальформаций спинного мозга с применением нейрофизиологического мониторинга и провокационных фармакологических тестов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of endovascular embolization of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations using neurophysiological monitoring and provocative pharmacological tests</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4065-5736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перфильев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perfilyev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Михайлович Перфильев</p><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087, 14</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ar.perfilev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-3152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чищина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chishchina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087, 14</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7406-9874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087, 14</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-8960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рзаев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rzaev</surname><given-names>J. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087, 14</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Федеральный центр нейрохирургии Минздрава России (Новосибирск)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Neurosurgical Center (Novosibirsk), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Перфильев А.М., Чищина Н.В., Киселев В.С., Рзаев Д.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перфильев А.М., Чищина Н.В., Киселев В.С., Рзаев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perfilyev A.M., Chishchina N.V., Kiselev V.S., Rzaev J.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/885">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/885</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — оценить результаты применения провокационных тестов с одновременным нейрофизиологическим мониторингом при эмболизации артериовенозных мальформаций (АВМ) спинного мозга.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. С 2016 по 2018 г. в Федеральном центре нейрохирургии (Новосибирск) у 38 пациентов выполнена эндоваскулярная эмболизация АВМ спинного мозга разных типов по классификации J. Anson и R. Spetzler. У15 пациентов в ходе операции проведены провокационные фармакологические тесты с регистрацией моторных (МВП) и соматосенсорных (ССВП) вызванных потенциалов. Клиническую картину до и после операции оценивали по шкале инвалидизации Aminoff—Logue (Aminoff and Logue Disability Scale), моторный дефицит — дополнительно по шкале мышечной силы, разработанной Советом по медицинским исследованиям (Medical Research Council Muscle Scale).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У15пациентов было проведено 37провокационных тестов с пропофолом и 38 тестов с лидокаином с одновременной регистрацией МВП и ССВП. В раннем послеоперационном периоде значительное улучшение двигательной функции наблюдалось у 2 пациентов, заметное улучшение — у 3, отсутствие динамики — у 10. Восстановление функции мочеиспускания зарегистрировано у 2 пациентов, а у 13 она осталась без изменений. У 4 пациентов результат теста с пропофолом был положительным, что проявлялось уменьшением амплитуды МВП, а при тесте с лидокаином в 10 случаях было отмечено уменьшение амплитуды МВП, в 3 случаях — с одновременным уменьшением амплитуды ССВП. У всех пациентов уменьшение амплитуды вызванных потенциалов носило транзиторный характер и исчезало после изменения места введения фармакологического агента. Это не позволило нам определить чувствительность метода в прогнозировании стойкого послеоперационного неврологического дефицита. В прогнозировании развития двигательного дефицита в раннем послеоперационном периоде специфичность уменьшения амплитуды МВП в ходе фармакологического теста составила 57 % — для уменьшения на 50 %, 87 % — для уменьшения на 80 %, 93 % — для полного исчезновения МВП. В прогнозировании развития двигательного дефицита в отдаленном периоде (через 3 мес после эндоваскулярного лечения) специфичность уменьшения амплитуды МВП на 50, 80 и 100 % составила соответственно 46, 85 и 100 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведение нейрофизиологического мониторинга и провокационных тестов является безопасным методом, позволяющим принять оптимальное тактическое решение при эндоваскулярном лечении АВМ спинного мозга. Для провокационного теста рекомендуется использовать пропофол и лидокаин. Уменьшение амплитуды МВП на 80 % или исчезновение МВП служит более точным критерием клинического исхода при эмболизации АВМ спинного мозга. Специфичность МВП в выявлении нарастания моторного дефицита в раннем и отдаленном послеоперационном периодах была максимальной (93 и 100 % соответственно), если в качестве критерия патологии было выбрано исчезновение МВП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study objective is to evaluate the results of pharmacologic provocative tests with neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring application during spinal cord arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In the period from 2016 to 2018, 38patients with spinal cord AVM of different types (according the J. Anson and R. Spetzler classification) underwent endovascular surgery at the Federal Neurosurgical Center (Novosibirsk, Russia). Fifteen of these patients were operated using pharmacologic provocative tests with neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring of motor (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). Aminoff and Logue Disability Scale was used to estimate neurological deficit before and after surgery, additionally Medical Research Council Muscle Scale was used to estimate motor deficit.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In 15 patients, 37provocative samples with propofol and 38 samples with lidocaine with simultaneous registration of MEP and SSEP were performed. In the early postoperative period, a significant improvement in motor function was achieved in 2 patients, 3 showed a noticeable improvement, and 10 patients remained without dynamics. Urinary function improved in 2 patients, and in 13 remained unchanged. In 4 patients, the pharmacological test with propofol was positive, which was manifested by a decrease in the amplitudes of the MEP, and among the samples with lidocaine in 10 cases, a decrease in the amplitudes of the MEP was noted, with a simultaneous decrease in the amplitudes of the SSEP during 3 samples. In all patients, the decrease in the amplitudes of the evoked potentials was transient in nature and disappeared after a change in the place of administration of the pharmacological agent. This did not allow us to determine the sensitivity of the method for predicting persistent postoperative neurological deficit. To predict the development of motor deficiency in the early postoperative period, the specificity of lowering the amplitude of the MEP during the pharmacological test was: 57 % to reduce by 50 %; 87 % for a reduction of 80 % and 93 % for the complete disappearance of MEP. For the prognosis in the distant period (3 months after endovascular treatment), the specificity of decreasing the amplitude of the MEP by 50, 80 and 100 % was 46, 85 and 100 %, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of neurophysiological monitoring and provocative tests is a safe method that allows you to make the optimal tactical decision in the endovascular treatment of spinal cord AVM. As a provocative test, it is recommended to use two pharmacological drugs (propofol and lidocaine). A 80 % decrease in MVP amplitudes or the disappearance of MVPs are more accurate criteria for the clinical outcome of spinal cord AVM embolization. The specificity of MVP in detecting an increase in motor deficiency in the early and long-term postoperative periods was maximum (93 and 100 %, respectively), if the disappearance of MVP was chosen as a criterion of pathology.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериовенозные мальформации спинного мозга</kwd><kwd>нейрофизиологический интраоперационный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>провокационные фармакологические тесты</kwd><kwd>эндоваскулярная эмболизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal cord arteriovenous malformation</kwd><kwd>neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring</kwd><kwd>provocative pharmacological test</kwd><kwd>endovascular embolization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anson J.A., Spetzler R.F. Classification of spinal arteriovenous malformations and implications for treatment. 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