<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2018-20-1-8-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-510</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОПЫТ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ОБХОДНОГО ШУНТИРОВАНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ВЕРХНЕЧЕЛЮСТНОЙ АРТЕРИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXPERIENCE OF EXTRACRANIAL-INTRACRANIAL BYPASS WITH USING MAXILLARY ARTERY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-2841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубовой</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubovoy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_dubovoy@neuronsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-4144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галактионов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galaktionov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-3478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нахабин</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nakhabin</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-4593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянников</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр нейрохирургии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Neurosurgical Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дубовой А.В., Галактионов Д.М., Нахабин О.Ю., Овсянников К.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дубовой А.В., Галактионов Д.М., Нахабин О.Ю., Овсянников К.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dubovoy A.V., Galaktionov D.M., Nakhabin O.Y., Ovsyannikov K.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/510">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/510</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – обобщить опыт выполнения экстракраниально-интракраниальных микроанастомозов (ЭИКМА) c использованием верхнечелюстной артерии (ВЧА) в качестве артерии-донора по поводу гигантских аневризм передних отделов артериального круга большого мозга, а также при окклюзии внутренней сонной артерии (ВСА).</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Формирование ЭИКМА с использованием ВЧА выполнено у 4 пациентов: у 1 – с гигантской фузиформной аневризмой М1-сегмента средней мозговой артерии (СМА), у 1 – с гигантской фузиформной аневризмой супраклиноидного отдела ВСА, у 1 – с гигантской бифуркационной аневризмой ВСА и у 1 – с окклюзией супраклиноидного отдела ВСА. У всех пациентов заболевание протекало по псевдотуморозному типу. У пациента с окклюзией ВСА заболевание проявлялось в виде рецидивирующих транзиторных ишемических атак в ипсилатеральном бассейне, выполнение стандартного ЭИКМА было невозможно из-за повреждения поверхностной височной артерии при предшествующей краниотомии в другом лечебном учреждении.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Во всех наблюдениях хирургическое вмешательство выполняли из птерионального доступа с резекцией скуловой дуги, в качестве артерии-донора использовали ВЧА, в качестве шунта – участок лучевой артерии, в качестве артерии-реципиента – височный ствол М2-сегмента СМА. У пациента с окклюзией ВСА объем хирургического вмешательства ограничился созданием анастомоза, у всех пациентов после формирования анастомоза следовал этап выключения аневризмы из кровотока (дистальное клипирование М1-сегмента СМА у пациента с аневризмой СМА, перевязка шейного отдела ВСА у пациента с аневризмой супраклиноидного отдела ВСА, временный треппинг, тромбэктомия и клипирование аневризмы у пациента с бифуркационной аневризмой ВСА). Функционирование анастомоза подтверждали при помощи интраоперационных доплерографии и флоуметрии, а также при выполнении мультиспиральной компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии в послеоперационном периоде. У всех пациентов зафиксировано устойчивое функционирование анастомозов, объемный кровоток по шунтам составил 33–57 мл/мин. У пациента с бифуркационной аневризмой ВСА в раннем послеоперационном периоде развился контралатеральный гемипарез, связанный с формированием ишемии в бассейне передней ворсинчатой артерии, который в результате консервативной терапии частично регрессировал. В остальных клинических наблюдениях ухудшения неврологического статуса не произошло.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ЭИКМА с использованием ВЧА в качестве артерии-донора и лучевой артерии в качестве шунта способны обеспечить достаточный заместительный кровоток в бассейне СМА у пациентов с гигантскими аневризмами передних отделов артериального круга большого мозга и пациентов с окклюзией ВСА. Данный тип шунтов представляется менее травматичным по сравнению с высокопоточными шунтами. Учитывая меньшие длину и извилистость шунта, его более защищенную локализацию, можно предполагать меньший риск тромбоза анастомоза в раннем и отдаленном послеоперационных периодах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective is to present the first experience of creating extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass using the maxillary artery (MA) as an arterial donor for treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms (GIA), as well as for treatment of internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We performed EC-IC bypasses using MA at 4 patients: at 3 patients with GIA of the anterior part of the Willis circle (giant fusiform aneurysm of the М1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA), giant fusiform aneurysm of the supraclinoid part of ICA, giant ICA bifurcation aneurysm) and at patient with ICA occlusion. All patients with aneurysms had tumor-like clinical manifestation. Patient with ICA occlusion had crescendo ipsilateral MCA transient ischemic attacks. Creation of the traditional EC-IC bypass was impossible because of superficial temporal artery injury as result of prior surgery in other hospital.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We used transzygomatic pterional craniotomy, MA as a donor artery, M2 segment of MCA as a recipient artery and radial artery as an interposition graft in all cases. At patient with ICA occlusion surgical treatment included bypass creation, at all patients with GIA after bypass creation we performed aneurysm trapping (distal clipping of М1 segment at patient with MCA aneurysm, cervical ICA ligation at patient with supraclinoid ICA GIA, temporary trapping, thrombectomy and aneurysm clipping at patient with bifurcation ICA GIA). We confirmed bypass patency by intraoperative Doppler sonography and flowmetry and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in postoperative period. In all cases bypasses were patent with flow 33–57 ml per min. Patient with ICA bifurcation GIA suffered from contralateral hemiparesis due to ischemia in anterior choroid artery territory in early postoperative period, which partially regressed at discharge. In other cases there were not any complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. EC-IC bypasses with using MA as a donor and radial artery as an interposition graft can provide sufficient replacement blood flow in the MCA territory in cases of giant cerebral aneurysms and in patients with occlusion of the ICA. This type of bypasses is less traumatic compared with high-flow bypasses. Given the shorter length and less tortuosity of the graft, its more secure localization, we can assume a lower risk of bypass thrombosis in the early and late postoperative periods and higher patency of the graft.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гигантская интракраниальная аневризма</kwd><kwd>окклюзия внутренней сонной артерии</kwd><kwd>экстракраниально-интракраниальный анастомоз</kwd><kwd>верхнечелюстная артерия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>giant intracranial aneurysm</kwd><kwd>internal carotid artery occlusion</kwd><kwd>extracranial-intracranial bypass</kwd><kwd>maxillary artery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yasargil M.G., Krayenbuhl H.A., Jacobson J.H. Microneurosurgical arterial reconstruction. Surgery 1970;67(1):221–33. PMID: 5409859.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yasargil M.G., Krayenbuhl H.A., Jacobson J.H. Microneurosurgical arterial reconstruction. Surgery 1970;67(1):221–33. PMID: 5409859.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lougheed W.M., Marshall B.M., Hunter M. et al. Common carotid to intracranial internal carotid bypass venous graft. Technical note. J Neurosurg 1971;34(1): 114–8. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1971.34.1.0114. PMID: 5539642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lougheed W.M., Marshall B.M., Hunter M. et al. Common carotid to intracranial internal carotid bypass venous graft. Technical note. J Neurosurg 1971;34(1): 114–8. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1971.34.1.0114. PMID: 5539642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sekhar L.N., Duff J.M., Kalavakonda C., Olding M. Cerebral revascularization using radial artery grafts for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms: techniques and outcomes for 17 patients. Neurosurgery 2001;49(3):646–58. DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200109000-00023. PMID: 11523676.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sekhar L.N., Duff J.M., Kalavakonda C., Olding M. Cerebral revascularization using radial artery grafts for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms: techniques and outcomes for 17 patients. Neurosurgery 2001;49(3):646–58. DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200109000-00023. PMID: 11523676.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kataoka H., Miyamoto S., Ogasawara K. et al. Results of prospective cohort study on symptomatic cerebrovascular occlusive disease showing mild hemodynamic compromise [Japanese ExtracranialIntracranial Bypass Trial (JET)-2 Study]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2015;55(6):460–8. DOI: 10.2176/ nmc.oa.2014-0424. PMID: 26041628. PMCID: PMC4628197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kataoka H., Miyamoto S., Ogasawara K. et al. Results of prospective cohort study on symptomatic cerebrovascular occlusive disease showing mild hemodynamic compromise [Japanese ExtracranialIntracranial Bypass Trial (JET)-2 Study]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2015;55(6):460–8. DOI: 10.2176/ nmc.oa.2014-0424. PMID: 26041628. PMCID: PMC4628197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., Lu S., Qian H., Shi X. Internal maxillary artery bypass with radial artery graft treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2017;105:568–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.014. PMID: 28610970.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L., Lu S., Qian H., Shi X. Internal maxillary artery bypass with radial artery graft treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2017;105:568–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.014. PMID: 28610970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawashima M., Rhoton A.L., Tanriover N. et al. Microsurgical anatomy of cerebral revascularization. Part I: Anterior circulation. J Neurosurg 2005;102(1):116–31. DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.102.1.0116. PMID: 15658104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawashima M., Rhoton A.L., Tanriover N. et al. Microsurgical anatomy of cerebral revascularization. Part I: Anterior circulation. J Neurosurg 2005;102(1):116–31. DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.102.1.0116. PMID: 15658104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Z., Yang Y., Shi X. et al. A comparison of haemodynamics between subcranialintracranial bypass and the traditional extracranial-intracranial bypass. Br J Neurosurg 2017;31(6):668–71. DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2017.1327015. PMID: 28490201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Z., Yang Y., Shi X. et al. A comparison of haemodynamics between subcranialintracranial bypass and the traditional extracranial-intracranial bypass. Br J Neurosurg 2017;31(6):668–71. DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2017.1327015. PMID: 28490201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynolds M.R., Derdeyn C.P., Grubb R.L. et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass for ischemic cerebrovascular disease: what have we learned from the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study? Neurosurg Focus 2014;36(1):E9. DOI: 10.3171/2013.10.FOCUS13427. PMID: 24380486.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynolds M.R., Derdeyn C.P., Grubb R.L. et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass for ischemic cerebrovascular disease: what have we learned from the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study? Neurosurg Focus 2014;36(1):E9. DOI: 10.3171/2013.10.FOCUS13427. PMID: 24380486.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alaraj A., Ashley W.W., Charbel F.T., Amin-Hanjani S. The superficial temporal artery trunk as a donor vessel in cerebral revascularization: benefits and pitfalls. Neurosurg Focus 2008;24(2):E7. DOI: 10.3171/FOC/2008/24/2/E7. PMID: 18275303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alaraj A., Ashley W.W., Charbel F.T., Amin-Hanjani S. The superficial temporal artery trunk as a donor vessel in cerebral revascularization: benefits and pitfalls. Neurosurg Focus 2008;24(2):E7. DOI: 10.3171/FOC/2008/24/2/E7. PMID: 18275303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wanibuchi M., Akiyama Y., Mikami T. et al. Radical removal of recurrent malignant meningeal tumors of the cavernous sinus in combination with high-flow bypass. World Neurosurg 2015;83(4):424–30. DOI: 10.1016/ j.wneu.2015.01.019. PMID: 25655689.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wanibuchi M., Akiyama Y., Mikami T. et al. Radical removal of recurrent malignant meningeal tumors of the cavernous sinus in combination with high-flow bypass. World Neurosurg 2015;83(4):424–30. DOI: 10.1016/ j.wneu.2015.01.019. PMID: 25655689.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pancucci G., Potts M.B., RodríguezHernández A. et al. Rescue bypass for revascularization after ischemic complications in the treatment of giant or complex intracranial aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2015;83(6):912–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.02.001. PMID: 25700972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pancucci G., Potts M.B., RodríguezHernández A. et al. Rescue bypass for revascularization after ischemic complications in the treatment of giant or complex intracranial aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2015;83(6):912–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.02.001. PMID: 25700972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Нахабин О.Ю., Полунина Н.А. и др. Первый опыт выполнения широкопросветных экстраинтракраниальных анастомозов для лечения больных с гигантскими аневризмами внутренней сонной артерии. Нейрохирургия 2013;(2):25–39. [Krylov V.V., Nakhabin O.Yu., Polunina N.A. et al. First experience of high-flow extra-intracranial bypasses for treatment of patient with giant aneurysms of internal carotid artery. Neyrokhirurgiya = Russian Journal of Neurosurgery 2013;(2):25–39. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Крылов В.В., Нахабин О.Ю., Полунина Н.А. и др. Первый опыт выполнения широкопросветных экстраинтракраниальных анастомозов для лечения больных с гигантскими аневризмами внутренней сонной артерии. Нейрохирургия 2013;(2):25–39. [Krylov V.V., Nakhabin O.Yu., Polunina N.A. et al. First experience of high-flow extra-intracranial bypasses for treatment of patient with giant aneurysms of internal carotid artery. Neyrokhirurgiya = Russian Journal of Neurosurgery 2013;(2):25–39. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Нахабин О.Ю., Лукьянчиков В.А. и др. Успешное наложение экстренного широкопросветного экстра-интракраниального анастомоза у больной с гигантской аневризмой офтальмического сегмента внутренней сонной артерии. Российский нейрохирургический журнал им. проф. А.Л. Поленова 2011;3(4):44–51. [Krylov V.V., Nakhabin O.Yu., Lukyanchikov V.A. et al. Successful performance of urgent extracranialintracranial high-flow bypass in a patient with giant aneurysm of ophthalmic segment of internal carotid artery. Rossiyskiy neyrokhirurgicheskiy zhurnal im. prof. A.L. Polenova = Russian Neurosurgical Journal n. a. prof. A.L. Polenov 2011;3(4):44–51. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Крылов В.В., Нахабин О.Ю., Лукьянчиков В.А. и др. Успешное наложение экстренного широкопросветного экстра-интракраниального анастомоза у больной с гигантской аневризмой офтальмического сегмента внутренней сонной артерии. Российский нейрохирургический журнал им. проф. А.Л. Поленова 2011;3(4):44–51. [Krylov V.V., Nakhabin O.Yu., Lukyanchikov V.A. et al. Successful performance of urgent extracranialintracranial high-flow bypass in a patient with giant aneurysm of ophthalmic segment of internal carotid artery. Rossiyskiy neyrokhirurgicheskiy zhurnal im. prof. A.L. Polenova = Russian Neurosurgical Journal n. a. prof. A.L. Polenov 2011;3(4):44–51. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дубовой А.В., Овсянников К.С., Гужин В.Э. и др. Использование метода обходного высокопоточного экстраинтракраниального артериального шунтирования при патологии церебральных и брахиоцефальных артерий: технические особенности и результаты операций. Журнал «Вопросы нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко» 2017;81(2):5–21. [Dubovoy A.V., Ovsyannikov K.S., Guzhin V.E. et al. The use of high-flow extracranialintracranial artery bypass in pathology of the cerebral and brachiocephalic arteries: technical features and surgical outcomes. Zhurnal “Voprosy neirokhirurgii im. N.N. Burdenko” = Problems of Neurosurgery n. a. N.N. Burdenko 2017;81(2):5–21. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.17116/neiro20178125-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дубовой А.В., Овсянников К.С., Гужин В.Э. и др. Использование метода обходного высокопоточного экстраинтракраниального артериального шунтирования при патологии церебральных и брахиоцефальных артерий: технические особенности и результаты операций. Журнал «Вопросы нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко» 2017;81(2):5–21. [Dubovoy A.V., Ovsyannikov K.S., Guzhin V.E. et al. The use of high-flow extracranialintracranial artery bypass in pathology of the cerebral and brachiocephalic arteries: technical features and surgical outcomes. Zhurnal “Voprosy neirokhirurgii im. N.N. Burdenko” = Problems of Neurosurgery n. a. N.N. Burdenko 2017;81(2):5–21. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.17116/neiro20178125-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nossek E., Costantino P.D., Eisenberg M. et al. Internal maxillary artery-middle cerebral artery bypass: Infratemporal approach for subcranial-intracranial (SC-IC) bypass. Neurosurgery 2014;75(1):87–95. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000340. PMID: 24618804. PMCID: PMC4053591.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nossek E., Costantino P.D., Eisenberg M. et al. Internal maxillary artery-middle cerebral artery bypass: Infratemporal approach for subcranial-intracranial (SC-IC) bypass. Neurosurgery 2014;75(1):87–95. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000340. PMID: 24618804. PMCID: PMC4053591.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Z., Shi X., Qian H. et al. Internal maxillary artery to intracranial artery bypass: a case series of 31 patients with chronic internal carotid/middle cerebral arterial-sclerotic steno-occlusive disease. Neurol Res 2016;38(5):420–8. DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1177931. PMID: 27122096.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Z., Shi X., Qian H. et al. Internal maxillary artery to intracranial artery bypass: a case series of 31 patients with chronic internal carotid/middle cerebral arterial-sclerotic steno-occlusive disease. Neurol Res 2016;38(5):420–8. DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1177931. PMID: 27122096.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eller J.L., Sasaki-Adams D., Sweeney J.M., Abdulrauf S.I. Localization of the internal maxillary artery for extracranial-to-intracranial bypass through the middle cranial fossa: a cadaveric study. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2012;73(1):48–53. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304556. PMID: 23372995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eller J.L., Sasaki-Adams D., Sweeney J.M., Abdulrauf S.I. Localization of the internal maxillary artery for extracranial-to-intracranial bypass through the middle cranial fossa: a cadaveric study. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2012;73(1):48–53. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304556. PMID: 23372995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akiyama O., Güngör A., Middlebrooks E. et al. Microsurgical anatomy of the maxillary artery for extracranialintracranial bypass in the pterygopalatine segment of the maxillary artery. Clin Anat 2017; May 27. DOI: 10.1002/ca.22926. PMID: 28556192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akiyama O., Güngör A., Middlebrooks E. et al. Microsurgical anatomy of the maxillary artery for extracranialintracranial bypass in the pterygopalatine segment of the maxillary artery. Clin Anat 2017; May 27. DOI: 10.1002/ca.22926. PMID: 28556192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvernia J.E., Hidalgo J., Sindou M.P. et al. The maxillary artery and its variants: an anatomical study with neurosurgical applications. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017;159(4):655–64. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3092-5. PMID: 28191601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvernia J.E., Hidalgo J., Sindou M.P. et al. The maxillary artery and its variants: an anatomical study with neurosurgical applications. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017;159(4):655–64. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3092-5. PMID: 28191601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pretterklieber M.L., Skopakoff C., Mayr R. The human maxillary artery reinvestigated: I. Topographical relations in the infratemporal fossa. Acta Anat (Basel) 1991;142(4):281–7. DOI: 10.1159/000147203. PMID: 1801518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pretterklieber M.L., Skopakoff C., Mayr R. The human maxillary artery reinvestigated: I. Topographical relations in the infratemporal fossa. Acta Anat (Basel) 1991;142(4):281–7. DOI: 10.1159/000147203. PMID: 1801518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hussain A., Binahmed A., Karim A., Sándor G.K. Relationship of the maxillary artery and lateral pterygoid muscle in a caucasian sample. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105(1):32–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.04.010. PMID: 17764991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hussain A., Binahmed A., Karim A., Sándor G.K. Relationship of the maxillary artery and lateral pterygoid muscle in a caucasian sample. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105(1):32–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.04.010. PMID: 17764991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sashi R., Tomura N., Hashimoto M. et al. Angiographic anatomy of the first and second segments of the maxillary artery. Radiat Med 1996;14(3):133–8. PMID: 8827807.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sashi R., Tomura N., Hashimoto M. et al. Angiographic anatomy of the first and second segments of the maxillary artery. Radiat Med 1996;14(3):133–8. PMID: 8827807.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanoue S., Kiyosue H., Mori H. et al. Maxillary artery: functional and imaging anatomy for safe and effective transcatheter treatment. Radiographics 2013;33(7):e209–224. DOI: 10.1148/rg.337125173. PMID: 24224604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanoue S., Kiyosue H., Mori H. et al. Maxillary artery: functional and imaging anatomy for safe and effective transcatheter treatment. Radiographics 2013;33(7):e209–224. DOI: 10.1148/rg.337125173. PMID: 24224604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen W.E., Kier E.L., Rothman S.L.G. The maxillary artery in craniofacial pathology. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1974;121(1):124–38. PMID: 4833900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen W.E., Kier E.L., Rothman S.L.G. The maxillary artery in craniofacial pathology. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1974;121(1):124–38. PMID: 4833900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yağmurlu K., Kalani M.Y.S., Martirosyan N.L. et al. Maxillary artery to middle cerebral artery bypass: a novel technique for exposure of the maxillary artery. World Neurosurg 2017;100:540–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.130. PMID: 28089839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yağmurlu K., Kalani M.Y.S., Martirosyan N.L. et al. Maxillary artery to middle cerebral artery bypass: a novel technique for exposure of the maxillary artery. World Neurosurg 2017;100:540–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.130. PMID: 28089839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vrionis F.D., Cano W.G., Heilman C.B. Microsurgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa as viewed laterally and superiorly. Neurosurgery 1996;39(4):777–85. PMID: 8880773.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vrionis F.D., Cano W.G., Heilman C.B. Microsurgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa as viewed laterally and superiorly. Neurosurgery 1996;39(4):777–85. PMID: 8880773.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdulrauf S.I., Sweeney J.M., Mohan Y.S., Palejwala S.K. Short segment internal maxillary artery to middle cerebral artery bypass: A novel technique for extracranial-to-intracranial bypass. Neurosurgery 2011;68(3):804–8. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182093355. PMID: 21206302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdulrauf S.I., Sweeney J.M., Mohan Y.S., Palejwala S.K. Short segment internal maxillary artery to middle cerebral artery bypass: A novel technique for extracranial-to-intracranial bypass. Neurosurgery 2011;68(3):804–8. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182093355. PMID: 21206302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng X., Lawton M.T., RinconTorroella J. et al. The lateral triangle of the middle fossa. Neurosurgery 2015;12(2):106–11. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng X., Lawton M.T., RinconTorroella J. et al. The lateral triangle of the middle fossa. Neurosurgery 2015;12(2):106–11. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., Shi X., Qian H. Is internal maxillary artery bypass feasible without zygomatic osteotomy? World Neurosurg 2017;104:1004. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.01.134. PMID: 28732408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L., Shi X., Qian H. Is internal maxillary artery bypass feasible without zygomatic osteotomy? World Neurosurg 2017;104:1004. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.01.134. PMID: 28732408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mabuchi S., Kamiyama H., Abe H. Distal ligation and revascularization from external carotid to vertebral artery with radial artery graft for treatment of extracranial vertebral artery dissection. Report of a case. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1993;125(1–4):192–5. PMID: 8122550.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mabuchi S., Kamiyama H., Abe H. Distal ligation and revascularization from external carotid to vertebral artery with radial artery graft for treatment of extracranial vertebral artery dissection. Report of a case. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1993;125(1–4):192–5. PMID: 8122550.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Houkin K., Kamiyama H., Kuroda S. et al. Long-term patency of radial artery graft bypass for reconstruction of the internal carotid artery. Technical note. J Neurosurg 1999;90(4):786–90. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1999.90.4.0786. PMID: 10193628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houkin K., Kamiyama H., Kuroda S. et al. Long-term patency of radial artery graft bypass for reconstruction of the internal carotid artery. Technical note. J Neurosurg 1999;90(4):786–90. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1999.90.4.0786. PMID: 10193628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regli L., Piepgras D.G., Hansen K.K. Late patency of long saphenous vein bypass grafts to the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation. J Neurosurg 1995;83(5):806–11. DOI: 10.3171/ jns.1995.83.5.0806. PMID: 7472547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Regli L., Piepgras D.G., Hansen K.K. Late patency of long saphenous vein bypass grafts to the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation. J Neurosurg 1995;83(5):806–11. DOI: 10.3171/ jns.1995.83.5.0806. PMID: 7472547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sekhar L.N., Kalavakonda C. Cerebral revascularization for aneurysms and tumors. Neurosurgery 2002;50(2):321–31. DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200202000- 00014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sekhar L.N., Kalavakonda C. Cerebral revascularization for aneurysms and tumors. Neurosurgery 2002;50(2):321–31. DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200202000- 00014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nossek E., Costantino P.D., Chalif D.J. et al. Forearm cephalic vein graft for short, “middle”-flow, internal maxillary artery to middle cerebral artery bypass. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2016;12(2):99–105. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001027. PMID: 29506087.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nossek E., Costantino P.D., Chalif D.J. et al. Forearm cephalic vein graft for short, “middle”-flow, internal maxillary artery to middle cerebral artery bypass. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2016;12(2):99–105. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001027. PMID: 29506087.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
