<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.63769/1683-3295-2017-0-3-96-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-457</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ликворея при шейном спондилодезе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Liquorrhea during cervical spondylodesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касаткин</surname><given-names>Денис Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasatkin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры нейрохирургии и нейрореанимации Московского государственного медико-стоматологического университета им. А.И. Евдокимова</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ndugo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринь</surname><given-names>Андрей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grin’</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., руководитель отделения нейрохирургии Государственного учреждения  здравоохранения г. Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалумов</surname><given-names>Арнольд Зироевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalumov</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, с.н.с. отделения нейрохирургии НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Государственное учреждение здравоохранения г. Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касаткин Д.С., Гринь А.А., Шалумов А.З., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касаткин Д.С., Гринь А.А., Шалумов А.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasatkin D.S., Grin’ A.A., Shalumov A.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/457">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/457</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести обзор литературных источников, посвященных проблеме интра- и послеоперационной ликвореи при шейном спондилодезе, алгоритмам лечения и  возможностям профилактики данного осложнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: для поиска соответствующих теме публикаций мыиспользовали базы данных PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Еlibrary (http://elibrary.ru) и  архивы журналов «Нейрохирургия» и «Хирургия позвоночника».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Повреждения твердой мозговой оболочки (ТМО) при операциях на шейном отделе позвоночника (ШОП), по сообщениям разных авторов, встречаются у 0,4–6,3%  пациентов. Если осложнение диагностируют во время операции, что отмечено в  большинстве наблюдений, и принимают соответствующие меры первичной профилактики  раневой ликвореи, то каких-либо негативных последствий для больного можно избежать. В  противном случае требуются повторные операции. К факторам риска повреждения ТМО многие авторы относят осложненную позвоночно-спинномозговую травму, ревматоидный  артрит, пожилой возраст больного, грубую кифотическую деформацию шейного отдела  позвоночника и повторные операции. По данным литературы, чаще всего разрывы ТМО  возникают во время применения бора, ультразвукового костного ножа, кусачек, кюреток, а также при использовании электрокоагуляции в непосредственной близости от ТМО.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: В настоящее время проблеме послеоперационной ликвореи при операции на шейном отделе позвоночника посвящены преимущественно ретроспективные обзоры с  небольшим количеством наблюдений. В связи, к счастью, с небольшой встречаемостью  данного осложнения для разработки оптимального стандарта методов профилактики и  лечения ликвореи при шейном спондилодезе необходимы крупномасштабные проспективные мультицентровые исследования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to perform the analysis of literature data dedicated to the problem of postoperative liquorrhea during cervical fusion as well as to treatment strategy and the possibilities for prevention of such complication.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: We searched through such databases as PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Еlibrary  (http://elibrary.ru) and archives of journal «Neurokhirurgia. The  Russian journal of neurosurgery» and «Hirurgia Pozvonochnika».</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The damages of dura mater (DM) during operations of cervical spine (CS) jccur at 0,4–6,3% patients according to literature data. The negative consequences could be avoided in case of  intraoperative diagnosis of this complication which observed in most  reports that allows performing the adequate manipulations for  primary prevention of wound liquorrhea, otherwise the repeated  operations are required. The most authors mention the following risk factors for DM damage such complicated spinal trauma, rheumatoid  arthritis, elderly age, severe kyphotic deformation of cervical spine  and repeated operations. The DM damages are the most often occurred during usage of high-speed drill, ultrasound bone  knife, rongeurs, scraping curettes as well as during electrocoagulation applying intimately close to DM.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Nowadays predominately retrospective literature reviews with few numbers of cases are dedicated to the problem of  postoperative liquorrhea during cervical fusion. The large prospective multicenter trials are required for development of optimal algorithm  for prevention and treatment of postoperative liquorrhea during cervical fusion.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ликворея</kwd><kwd>повреждение твердой мозговой оболочки</kwd><kwd>шейный спондилодез</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liquorrhea</kwd><kwd>damage of dura mater</kwd><kwd>cervical fusion</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анализ причин неудачных исходов декомпрессивно-стабилизирующих операций у больных с поясничными стенозами дегенеративной этиологии/ А.А. Афаунов, И.В. Басанкин, А.В. Кузьменко и др. // Материалы IV съезда межрегиональной общественной организации «Ассоциация хирургов-вертебрологов» с международным участием, г. Новосибирск, 24-25 мая 2013 г. — Новосибирск., 2013. — С.5-10. [(Proceedings of the IV Congress of the interregional public organization “Association of Surgeons — Spine“ with international participation), Absytracs оf Papers, Novosibirsk, Russia, May 24-25, 2013, pp. 5-10. (in Russian)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Анализ причин неудачных исходов декомпрессивно-стабилизирующих операций у больных с поясничными стенозами дегенеративной этиологии/ А.А. Афаунов, И.В. Басанкин, А.В. Кузьменко и др. // Материалы IV съезда межрегиональной общественной организации «Ассоциация хирургов-вертебрологов» с международным участием, г. Новосибирск, 24-25 мая 2013 г. — Новосибирск., 2013. — С.5-10. [(Proceedings of the IV Congress of the interregional public organization “Association of Surgeons — Spine“ with international participation), Absytracs оf Papers, Novosibirsk, Russia, May 24-25, 2013, pp. 5-10. (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гринь А.А., Кайков А.К., Крылов В.В. Профилактика и лечение осложнений у больных с позвоночно-спинно-мозговой травмой (часть 1). Нейрохирургия 2014;4: 76-86. [Grin’ A.A., Kajkov A.K., Krylov V.V. Profilaktika i lechenie oslozhneniy u bolnyih s pozvonochno- spinnomozgovoy travmoy (chast 1). Nejrohirurgija 2014;4:76-86. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гринь А.А., Кайков А.К., Крылов В.В. Профилактика и лечение осложнений у больных с позвоночно-спинно-мозговой травмой (часть 1). Нейрохирургия 2014;4: 76-86. [Grin’ A.A., Kajkov A.K., Krylov V.V. Profilaktika i lechenie oslozhneniy u bolnyih s pozvonochno- spinnomozgovoy travmoy (chast 1). Nejrohirurgija 2014;4:76-86. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевцов В.И., Худяев А.Т., Люлин С.В., Коваленко П.И. Хирургическое лечение переломовывихов в шейном отделе позвоночника с применением аутотрансплантатов и имплантатов из пористого никелида титана. Хирургия позвоночника 2005;2:30—33 [Shevcov V.I., Hudjaev A.T., Ljulin S.V., Kovalenko P.I. Hirurgicheskoe lechenie perelomovyivihov v sheynom otdele pozvonochnika s primeneniem autotransplantatov i implantatov iz poristogo nikelida titana. Hirurgija pozvonochnika. 2005;1:30-33. (in Russian)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шевцов В.И., Худяев А.Т., Люлин С.В., Коваленко П.И. Хирургическое лечение переломовывихов в шейном отделе позвоночника с применением аутотрансплантатов и имплантатов из пористого никелида титана. Хирургия позвоночника 2005;2:30—33 [Shevcov V.I., Hudjaev A.T., Ljulin S.V., Kovalenko P.I. Hirurgicheskoe lechenie perelomovyivihov v sheynom otdele pozvonochnika s primeneniem autotransplantatov i implantatov iz poristogo nikelida titana. Hirurgija pozvonochnika. 2005;1:30-33. (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An, H.S. Complications of spine surgery. Treatment and preventions / H.S. An, eds. By G. Louis. — Lippincott Williams&amp;Wilkins,2005.-.Pp. 11-17; 17-22; 23-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An, H.S. Complications of spine surgery. Treatment and preventions / H.S. An, eds. By G. Louis. — Lippincott Williams&amp;Wilkins,2005.-.Pp. 11-17; 17-22; 23-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nanda A., Sharma M., Sonig A., et al. Surgical complications of anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for cervical degenerative disk disease: a single surgeon’s experience of 1,576 patients. World Neurosurg. 2014;82(6):1380—1387.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nanda A., Sharma M., Sonig A., et al. Surgical complications of anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for cervical degenerative disk disease: a single surgeon’s experience of 1,576 patients. World Neurosurg. 2014;82(6):1380—1387.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OʼNeill K.R., Neuman B.J., Peters C., et al. Risk factors for dural tears in the cervical spine. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2014; 39(17):1015—1020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OʼNeill K.R., Neuman B.J., Peters C., et al. Risk factors for dural tears in the cervical spine. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2014; 39(17):1015—1020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tani T., Ushida T., Ishida K., et al. Relative safety of anterior microsurgical decompression versus laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy with a massive ossified posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2002;27(22):2491—2498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tani T., Ushida T., Ishida K., et al. Relative safety of anterior microsurgical decompression versus laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy with a massive ossified posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2002;27(22):2491—2498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMahon P., Dididze M., Levi A.D. Incidental durotomy after spinal surgery: a prospective study in an academic institution. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2012;17(1):30—36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMahon P., Dididze M., Levi A.D. Incidental durotomy after spinal surgery: a prospective study in an academic institution. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2012;17(1):30—36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshihara H., Yoneoka D. Incidental dural tear in cervical spine surgery: analysis of a nationwide database. J. Spinal Disord. Tech. 2015;28(1):19—24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshihara H., Yoneoka D. Incidental dural tear in cervical spine surgery: analysis of a nationwide database. J. Spinal Disord. Tech. 2015;28(1):19—24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desai A., Ball P.A., Bekelis K., et al. SPORT: Does incidental durotomy affect longterm outcomes in cases of spinal stenosis? Neurosurgery. 2015;76: Suppl 1: S57—S63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desai A., Ball P.A., Bekelis K., et al. SPORT: Does incidental durotomy affect longterm outcomes in cases of spinal stenosis? Neurosurgery. 2015;76: Suppl 1: S57—S63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гринь А.А., Кайков А.К., Крылов В.В. Осложнения и их профилактика у больных с позвоночно-спинномозговой травмой (часть 2). Нейрохирургия 2015;1: 55-66. [Grin’ A.A., Kajkov A.K., Krylov V.V. Oslozhneniya i ih profilaktika u bolnyih s pozvonochno- spinnomozgovoy travmoy (chast 2). Nejrohirurgija 2015; 1:55-66. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гринь А.А., Кайков А.К., Крылов В.В. Осложнения и их профилактика у больных с позвоночно-спинномозговой травмой (часть 2). Нейрохирургия 2015;1: 55-66. [Grin’ A.A., Kajkov A.K., Krylov V.V. Oslozhneniya i ih profilaktika u bolnyih s pozvonochno- spinnomozgovoy travmoy (chast 2). Nejrohirurgija 2015; 1:55-66. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cammisa F.P., Girardi F.P., Sangani P.K., et al. Incidental durotomy in spine surgery. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2000; 25(20):2663—2667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cammisa F.P., Girardi F.P., Sangani P.K., et al. Incidental durotomy in spine surgery. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2000; 25(20):2663—2667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J.C, Bohlman H.H, Riew K.D. Dural tears secondary to operations on the lumbar spine. Management and results after a two-year-minimum follow-up of eighty-eight patients// J Bone Joint Surg 1998;12:1728—1732.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J.C, Bohlman H.H, Riew K.D. Dural tears secondary to operations on the lumbar spine. Management and results after a two-year-minimum follow-up of eighty-eight patients// J Bone Joint Surg 1998;12:1728—1732.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abe H., Tsuru M., Ito T. Anterior decompression for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine. J. Neurosurg 1981;55:108—116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abe H., Tsuru M., Ito T. Anterior decompression for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine. J. Neurosurg 1981;55:108—116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belanger T.A, Roh J.S, Hanks S.E. et al. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Results of anterior cervical decompression and arthrodesis in sixty-one North American patients. J Bone Joint Surg 2005; 87: 610-615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belanger T.A, Roh J.S, Hanks S.E. et al. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Results of anterior cervical decompression and arthrodesis in sixty-one North American patients. J Bone Joint Surg 2005; 87: 610-615.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Guo Y., Chen D., Lu X. Diagnosis and surgery of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament associated with dural ossification in the cervical spine. Eur Spine J 2009; 18:1541-1547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Guo Y., Chen D., Lu X. Diagnosis and surgery of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament associated with dural ossification in the cervical spine. Eur Spine J 2009; 18:1541-1547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mizuno J., Nakagawa H., Matsuo N., et al. Dural ossification associated with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: frequency of dural ossification and comparison of neuroimaging modalities in ability to identify the disease. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2005; 2(4): 425—430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mizuno J., Nakagawa H., Matsuo N., et al. Dural ossification associated with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: frequency of dural ossification and comparison of neuroimaging modalities in ability to identify the disease. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2005; 2(4): 425—430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joseph V., Kumar G.S., Rajshekhar V. Cerebrospinal fluid leak during cervical corpectomy for ossified posterior longitudinal ligament: incidence, management, and outcome. Spine 2009;34:491-494.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joseph V., Kumar G.S., Rajshekhar V. Cerebrospinal fluid leak during cervical corpectomy for ossified posterior longitudinal ligament: incidence, management, and outcome. Spine 2009;34:491-494.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bydon M., Xu R., Papademetriou K. et al. Safety of spinal decompression using an ultrasonic bone curette compared with a high-speed drill: outcomes in 337 patients. J. Neurosurg. Spine 2013;18(6):627—633.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bydon M., Xu R., Papademetriou K. et al. Safety of spinal decompression using an ultrasonic bone curette compared with a high-speed drill: outcomes in 337 patients. J. Neurosurg. Spine 2013;18(6):627—633.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazur M. Jost G.F., Schmidt M.H., et al. Management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks after anterior decompression for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a review of the literature. Neurosurg. Focus. 2011;30(3):E13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazur M. Jost G.F., Schmidt M.H., et al. Management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks after anterior decompression for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a review of the literature. Neurosurg. Focus. 2011;30(3):E13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakano N, Nakano T., Nakano K. Comparison of the results of laminectomy and open- door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine 1988;13:792—794.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakano N, Nakano T., Nakano K. Comparison of the results of laminectomy and open- door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine 1988;13:792—794.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomita K., Nomura S., Umeda S., Baba H. Cervical laminoplasty to enlarge the spinal canal in multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with myelopathy. Arch Orthop. Trauma Surg. 1988;107:148—153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomita K., Nomura S., Umeda S., Baba H. Cervical laminoplasty to enlarge the spinal canal in multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with myelopathy. Arch Orthop. Trauma Surg. 1988;107:148—153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Complications and mortality associated with cervical spine surgery for degenerative disease in the United States. Wang M.C., Chan L., Maiman D.J., et al. Spine. 2007;32:342—347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Complications and mortality associated with cervical spine surgery for degenerative disease in the United States. Wang M.C., Chan L., Maiman D.J., et al. Spine. 2007;32:342—347.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fountas K.N., Kapsalaki E.Z., Johnston K.W. Cerebrospinal fluid fistula secondary to dural tear in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: case report. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2005;30(10):E277—E280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fountas K.N., Kapsalaki E.Z., Johnston K.W. Cerebrospinal fluid fistula secondary to dural tear in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: case report. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2005;30(10):E277—E280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hannallah D. Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Following Cervical Spine Surgery. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 2008;90(5):1101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hannallah D. Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Following Cervical Spine Surgery. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 2008;90(5):1101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakajima S., Fukuda T., Hasue M., et al. New technique for application of fibrin sealant: rubbing method devised to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage from dura mater sites repaired with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene surgical membranes. Neurosurgery. 2001;49(1):117—123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakajima S., Fukuda T., Hasue M., et al. New technique for application of fibrin sealant: rubbing method devised to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage from dura mater sites repaired with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene surgical membranes. Neurosurgery. 2001;49(1):117—123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsuoka T., Yamaura I., Kurosa Y., et al. Long-term results of the anterior floating method for cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2001;26(3):241—248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsuoka T., Yamaura I., Kurosa Y., et al. Long-term results of the anterior floating method for cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2001;26(3):241—248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakai K. Okawa A., Takahashi M., et al. Five-year followup evaluation of surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a prospective comparative study of anterior decompression and fusion with floating method versus laminoplasty. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2012;37(5):367—376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakai K. Okawa A., Takahashi M., et al. Five-year followup evaluation of surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a prospective comparative study of anterior decompression and fusion with floating method versus laminoplasty. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2012;37(5):367—376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaffrey C.I., Spotnitz W.D., Shaffrey M.E., et al. Neurosurgical applications of fibrin glue: augmentation of dural closure in 134 patients. Neurosurgery. 1990;26(2):207—210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaffrey C.I., Spotnitz W.D., Shaffrey M.E., et al. Neurosurgical applications of fibrin glue: augmentation of dural closure in 134 patients. Neurosurgery. 1990;26(2):207—210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leimert M., Bostelmann R., Juratli T.A., et al. A newly developed drill with a polished tip for the anterior cervical approach in spinal canal stenosis: a technical note. Eur. Spine J. 2013;22(4):809—812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leimert M., Bostelmann R., Juratli T.A., et al. A newly developed drill with a polished tip for the anterior cervical approach in spinal canal stenosis: a technical note. Eur. Spine J. 2013;22(4):809—812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epstein N.E. Wound-peritoneal shunts: part of the complex management of anterior dural lacerations in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Surg. Neurol. 2009;72(6):630—634; discussion 634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epstein N.E. Wound-peritoneal shunts: part of the complex management of anterior dural lacerations in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Surg. Neurol. 2009;72(6):630—634; discussion 634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Гринь А.А. Травма позвоночника и спинного мозга. — М.: 2014. — 420 с. [Krylov V.V., Grin’ A.A. Travma pozvonochnika i spinnogo mozga [The trauma of the spine and spinal cord]. Moscow: 2014. 420p. (In Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Крылов В.В., Гринь А.А. Травма позвоночника и спинного мозга. — М.: 2014. — 420 с. [Krylov V.V., Grin’ A.A. Travma pozvonochnika i spinnogo mozga [The trauma of the spine and spinal cord]. Moscow: 2014. 420p. (In Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith M.D., Bolesta M.J., Leventhal M., et al. Postoperative cerebrospinal-fluid fistula associated with erosion of the dura. Findings after anterior resection of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1992;74(2):270—277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith M.D., Bolesta M.J., Leventhal M., et al. Postoperative cerebrospinal-fluid fistula associated with erosion of the dura. Findings after anterior resection of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1992;74(2):270—277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cain J.E., Rosenthal H.G., Broom M.J. et al. Quantification of leakage pressures after durotomy repairs in the canine. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 1990;15(9):969—970.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cain J.E., Rosenthal H.G., Broom M.J. et al. Quantification of leakage pressures after durotomy repairs in the canine. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 1990;15(9):969—970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narotam P.K. Josй S., Nathoo N., et al. Collagen matrix (DuraGen) in dural repair: analysis of a new modified technique. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2004;29(4):2861—2867; discussion 2868—2869.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narotam P.K. Josй S., Nathoo N., et al. Collagen matrix (DuraGen) in dural repair: analysis of a new modified technique. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976). 2004;29(4):2861—2867; discussion 2868—2869.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гринь А.А. «Хирургическое лечение больных с повреждением позвоночника и спинного мозга при сочетанной травме» автореф. дис. д-ра мед. наук. М., 2008: — 48 с. [Grin’ A.A. Hirurgnicheskoe lechenie bol’nyh s povrezhdeniem pozvonochnika i spinnogo mozga pri sochetannoj travme. Avtoref. dis. dokt med. nauk. [Surgical treatment of patients with damage to the spine and spinal cord injury in combined. synopsis. Dis. Dr. med. Sciences]. Moscow, 2008. 48 p. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гринь А.А. «Хирургическое лечение больных с повреждением позвоночника и спинного мозга при сочетанной травме» автореф. дис. д-ра мед. наук. М., 2008: — 48 с. [Grin’ A.A. Hirurgnicheskoe lechenie bol’nyh s povrezhdeniem pozvonochnika i spinnogo mozga pri sochetannoj travme. Avtoref. dis. dokt med. nauk. [Surgical treatment of patients with damage to the spine and spinal cord injury in combined. synopsis. Dis. Dr. med. Sciences]. Moscow, 2008. 48 p. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCallum J., Maroon J.C., Jannetta P.J. Treatment of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid fistulas by subarachnoid drainage. J. Neurosurg. 1975;42(4):434—437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCallum J., Maroon J.C., Jannetta P.J. Treatment of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid fistulas by subarachnoid drainage. J. Neurosurg. 1975;42(4):434—437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
