<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.63769/1683-3295-2017-0-1-80-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-421</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ХИРУРГИЯ АНЕВРИЗМ БАЗИЛЯРНОЙ АРТЕРИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surgery of basilar aneurysms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Люнькова</surname><given-names>Регина Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>Владимир Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyun’Kova</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Люнькова Р.Н., Крылов В.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Люнькова Р.Н., Крылов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krylov V.V., Lyun’Kova R.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/421">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/421</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на прогресс в лечении артериальных аневризм (АА) головного мозга эндоваскулярными методами (стент-ассистированное, баллон-ассистированое эндоваскулярное размещение микроспирали в полости аневризмы, применение потоковых стентов, разработка новых микрокатетеров, видов микроспиралей, техник стентирования («jailed-catheter technique» и «trans-cell technique» для реконструкции стенки артерии, «Y-stent&amp;waffle-cone technique» и «X-stent technique» для стентирования АА бифуркаций) и применение новых технических эндоваскулярных разработок, позволяющих ремоделировать гемодинамику в АА (WEB-device, PED - Pipeline Embolization Device) результаты надежной окклюзии АА эндоваскулярными методами по шкале Raymond остаются неудовлетворительными с большими показателями Raymond II (резидуальная шейка) и Raymond III (резидуальная АА), реканализаций и реопераций (CLARITY (2011), ATENA (2009), АНА (2015), ISAT (2009), CARAT (2008), BRAT (2012), BRAT-3 (2014)). Микрохирургическое клипирование АА имеет лучшее качество выключения АА из кровотока (Raymond I) по сравнению с эндоваскулярным лечением. Однако применение стандартных доступов при подходах к АА базилярной артерии (БА) ограничено из-за летальности и инвалидности. В настоящее время с развитием хирургии основания черепа успешно применяют базальные доступы обеспечивающие подход, диссекцию и надежное выключение АА из кровотока при помощи клипса. Четкая техника исполнения базального доступа, работа на основании черепа в хирургически дозволенных пространствах, расширение стандартных хирургических промежутков в сочетании различных методов тракций базальных отделов головного мозга делают применение базального доступа незаменимым. В статье приведены наиболее популярные виды базальных доступов к верхушке БА с описанием техники исполнения по автору. Приведенные доступы позволяли надежно выключать АА из кровотока с хорошими или отличными результатами лечения (ШИГ - шкала исходов Глазго, шкала Rankin).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the progress of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms (CA) (stent-assisted and balloon-assisted aneurysm coiling, usage of flow diverting stents, development of new microcatheters, types of coils and stenting techniques («jailed-catheter technique» and «trans-cell technique» for aneurismal wall reconstruction, «Y-stent&amp;waffle-cone technique» and «X-stent technique» for stenting of bifurcation aneurysms)) and the usage of new technical endovascular development which allows remodeling the blood flow in aneurysm (WEB-device, PED - Pipeline Embolization Device), the outcomes of secure CA occlusion by endovascular methods according to Raymond-Roy scale remain unsatisfactory with the large amount of Raymond II (residual neck) and Raymond III (residual aneurysms) results as well as high aneurysm recanalization rates and repeated operations (CLARITY (2011), ATENA (2009), АНА (2015), ISAT (2009), CARAT (2008), BRAT (2012), BRAT-3 (2014)). Microsurgical treatment of CA provides more radical exclusion of CA from blood flow (Raymond I) comparing with endovascular treatment. However the usage of routine approaches to aneurysms of basilar artery (BA) is limited because of high mortality and disability of patients. Objective: to enlight the modern cranial base approaches for microsurgical treatment of aneurysms of basilar artery. This article presents the most popular skull base approaches to basilar bifurcation as described by their authors. Results. The accurate technique of skull base approach performance, manipulations on skull base in surgically allowed areas and the extension of routine surgically routes with combination of various traction methods of basal brain regions turn the skull base approaches into unreplaceable manipulations.. Conclusion. The described skull base approaches allowed safely and securely eliminating basilar aneurysms from blood flow with good and excellent treatment outcome estimated by Glasgow Outcome Scale and Rankin scale.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная аневризма</kwd><kwd>базальный доступ</kwd><kwd>транскавернозный доступ</kwd><kwd>микрохирургическое клипирование в расширенном хирургическом промежутке</kwd><kwd>cerebral aneurysm</kwd><kwd>skull base approach</kwd><kwd>transcavernous approach</kwd><kwd>aneurysm clipping under conditions of extended surgical spaces</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов, В.В. Хирургия аневризм головного мозга [Текст] / Под редакцией профессора В.В. Крылова. В 3-х томах. - М.: Медицина, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Крылов, В.В. Хирургия аневризм головного мозга [Текст] / Под редакцией профессора В.В. Крылова. В 3-х томах. - М.: Медицина, 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andaluz, N. Treatment strategies for complex intracranial aneurysms: review of a 12-year experience [Text] / N. Andaluz [et al] // Skull Base - 2011. - Vol. 21, № 4. - Р. 233-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andaluz, N. Treatment strategies for complex intracranial aneurysms: review of a 12-year experience [Text] / N. Andaluz [et al] // Skull Base - 2011. - Vol. 21, № 4. - Р. 233-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basma, J. Mobilization of transcavernous Oculomotor nerve during basilar aneurysm surgery biomechanical bases for better outcome Operative Neurosurgery. - 2014. - Vol. 10. - Р. 106-115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basma, J. Mobilization of transcavernous Oculomotor nerve during basilar aneurysm surgery biomechanical bases for better outcome Operative Neurosurgery. - 2014. - Vol. 10. - Р. 106-115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chanda, A. Anatomical study of the orbitozygomatic transsellar-transcavernous-transclinoidal approach to the basilar artery bifurcation [Text] / A. Chanda, A. Nanda // J. Neurosurg. - 2002. - Vol. 97, N 2. - Р. 151-160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chanda, A. Anatomical study of the orbitozygomatic transsellar-transcavernous-transclinoidal approach to the basilar artery bifurcation [Text] / A. Chanda, A. Nanda // J. Neurosurg. - 2002. - Vol. 97, N 2. - Р. 151-160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choudhri, O. Combined Endovascular and Microsurgical Management of Complex Cerebral Aneurysms [Text] / O. Choudhri, N. Mukerji // Front Neurol. - 2013.-Vol. 4. - Р.108-115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choudhri, O. Combined Endovascular and Microsurgical Management of Complex Cerebral Aneurysms [Text] / O. Choudhri, N. Mukerji // Front Neurol. - 2013.-Vol. 4. - Р.108-115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolenc, V.V. Microsurgical anatomy and surgery of the central skull base [Text] / V.V. Dolenc. - New York, Wien. Springer, 2003 - 384 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolenc, V.V. Microsurgical anatomy and surgery of the central skull base [Text] / V.V. Dolenc. - New York, Wien. Springer, 2003 - 384 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Figueiredo, E.G. Anatomical and quantitative description of the transcavernous approach to interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns. Technical note / E.G. Figueiredo, J.M. Zabramski // J. Neurosurg. - 2006. - Vol. 104, N 1. - Р.957-964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Figueiredo, E.G. Anatomical and quantitative description of the transcavernous approach to interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns. Technical note / E.G. Figueiredo, J.M. Zabramski // J. Neurosurg. - 2006. - Vol. 104, N 1. - Р.957-964.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Figueiredo, E.G. Comparative Analysis of anterior petrosectomy and transcavernus Approaches to retrosellar and upper clival basilar artery aneurysms / E.G. Figueiredo et al. // Operative Neurosurg. - 2006. - Vol. 58, Suppl. 1. - Р. 13-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Figueiredo, E.G. Comparative Analysis of anterior petrosectomy and transcavernus Approaches to retrosellar and upper clival basilar artery aneurysms / E.G. Figueiredo et al. // Operative Neurosurg. - 2006. - Vol. 58, Suppl. 1. - Р. 13-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukushima, Т. Fukushima Manual of Skull Base Dissection (Third Edition). [Text] / Т. Fukushima - New York, AF Neuro Video, Inc. Printing: i WORD Co, LTD, 2012. - 427 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukushima, Т. Fukushima Manual of Skull Base Dissection (Third Edition). [Text] / Т. Fukushima - New York, AF Neuro Video, Inc. Printing: i WORD Co, LTD, 2012. - 427 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez, L.F. Skull base approaches to the basilar artery [Text] / L.F. Gonzalez, S. Amin-Hanjani // Neurosurg. Focus. - 2005. - Vol.19, N 2 (Е3). - P. 1-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez, L.F. Skull base approaches to the basilar artery [Text] / L.F. Gonzalez, S. Amin-Hanjani // Neurosurg. Focus. - 2005. - Vol.19, N 2 (Е3). - P. 1-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gross, B.A. Petrosal approaches to posterior circulation aneurysms [Text] / B.A. Gross, D. Tavanaiepour, O. Al-Mefty // Neurosurg. Focus - 2012.-Vol. 33, N 2 (Е9). - P. 1-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gross, B.A. Petrosal approaches to posterior circulation aneurysms [Text] / B.A. Gross, D. Tavanaiepour, O. Al-Mefty // Neurosurg. Focus - 2012.-Vol. 33, N 2 (Е9). - P. 1-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanel, R.A. Surgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms [Text] / R.A. Hanel, R.F. Spetzler // Neurosurgery - 2008.-Vol. 62. - Suppl. 3. - P. 1289-1299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanel, R.A. Surgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms [Text] / R.A. Hanel, R.F. Spetzler // Neurosurgery - 2008.-Vol. 62. - Suppl. 3. - P. 1289-1299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu, F.P. Orbitozygomatic approach to basilar apex aneurysms [Text] / F.P. Hsu, R.E. Clatterbuck // Neurosurgery. - 2005. - Vol. 56, N 3. - Р. 172-177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu, F.P. Orbitozygomatic approach to basilar apex aneurysms [Text] / F.P. Hsu, R.E. Clatterbuck // Neurosurgery. - 2005. - Vol. 56, N 3. - Р. 172-177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim, Y-D. Quantitative Study of the Opticocarotid and Carotid-Oculomotor windows for the interpeduncular fossa, before and after internal carotid artery mobilization and posterior communicating division Operative Neurosurgery. - 2015. - Vol. 11. - Р. 162-180</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim, Y-D. Quantitative Study of the Opticocarotid and Carotid-Oculomotor windows for the interpeduncular fossa, before and after internal carotid artery mobilization and posterior communicating division Operative Neurosurgery. - 2015. - Vol. 11. - Р. 162-180</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krisht, A.F. Results of microsurgical clipping of 50 high complexity Basilar Apex Aneurysms [Text] / А.Е Krisht // Neurosurgery. - 2007. - Vol. 60, N 2. - Р. 242 - 252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krisht, A.F. Results of microsurgical clipping of 50 high complexity Basilar Apex Aneurysms [Text] / А.Е Krisht // Neurosurgery. - 2007. - Vol. 60, N 2. - Р. 242 - 252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krisht, A.F. Surgical Clipping of Complex Basilar Apex Aneurysms: A Strategy for Successful Outcome Using the Pretemporal Transzygomatic Transcavernous Approach [Text] /A.F. Krisht, P. Kadri // Operative Neurosurgery. - 2005. - Vol. 56, Suppl. 2. - Р. 261-273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krisht, A.F. Surgical Clipping of Complex Basilar Apex Aneurysms: A Strategy for Successful Outcome Using the Pretemporal Transzygomatic Transcavernous Approach [Text] /A.F. Krisht, P. Kadri // Operative Neurosurgery. - 2005. - Vol. 56, Suppl. 2. - Р. 261-273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martins, C. Microsurgical anatomy of the oculomotor cistern [Text] / C. Martins, A. Yasuda, A. Campero // Operative Neurosurgery. - 2006. - Vol. 58, Suppl. 2. - Р. 220-228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martins, C. Microsurgical anatomy of the oculomotor cistern [Text] / C. Martins, A. Yasuda, A. Campero // Operative Neurosurgery. - 2006. - Vol. 58, Suppl. 2. - Р. 220-228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rhoton, A.L.Jr. Cranial Anatomy and surgical approaches, Neurosergery [Text] / A.L.Jr. Rhoton. - Lippincott Williams $ Wilkins, 2006. - 746 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rhoton, A.L.Jr. Cranial Anatomy and surgical approaches, Neurosergery [Text] / A.L.Jr. Rhoton. - Lippincott Williams $ Wilkins, 2006. - 746 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanai, N. The current role of microsurgery for posterior circulation aneurysms: a selective approach in the endovascular era [Text] / N. Sanai, P. Tarapore // Neurosurgery. - 2008. - Vol. 62, N.6. - Р.1236-1249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanai, N. The current role of microsurgery for posterior circulation aneurysms: a selective approach in the endovascular era [Text] / N. Sanai, P. Tarapore // Neurosurgery. - 2008. - Vol. 62, N.6. - Р.1236-1249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sekhar, L. N. Atlas of neurosurgical techniques. Brain [Text] / L.N. Sekhar, R.G. Fessler. - New York, Stuttgart: Thieme Medical, 2006. - 1074p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sekhar, L. N. Atlas of neurosurgical techniques. Brain [Text] / L.N. Sekhar, R.G. Fessler. - New York, Stuttgart: Thieme Medical, 2006. - 1074p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sekhar, L. N. Cerebral revascularization for ischemia aneurisms and cranial base tumors [Text] / L.N. Sekhar, S.K. Natarian // Neurosurg. - 2008. - Vol. 62, N 6. - Suppl. 3. - Р.1373-1410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sekhar, L. N. Cerebral revascularization for ischemia aneurisms and cranial base tumors [Text] / L.N. Sekhar, S.K. Natarian // Neurosurg. - 2008. - Vol. 62, N 6. - Suppl. 3. - Р.1373-1410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seoane, E.R. The pretemporal transcavernous approach to the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns: microsurgical anatomy and technique application [Text] / E.R. Seoane, H. Tedeschi, E. de Oliveira // Neurosurg.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18289613 - 2000. - Vol. 46, N 3. - Р. 891-899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seoane, E.R. The pretemporal transcavernous approach to the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns: microsurgical anatomy and technique application [Text] / E.R. Seoane, H. Tedeschi, E. de Oliveira // Neurosurg.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18289613 - 2000. - Vol. 46, N 3. - Р. 891-899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steiger, H.J. Custom-tailored transdural anterior transpetrosal approach to ventral pons and retroclival regions [Text] / H.J. Steiger, D.Hangg // J. Neurosurg.- 2006. - Vol. 104, N 1. - Р. 38-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steiger, H.J. Custom-tailored transdural anterior transpetrosal approach to ventral pons and retroclival regions [Text] / H.J. Steiger, D.Hangg // J. Neurosurg.- 2006. - Vol. 104, N 1. - Р. 38-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tripathi, Y-D. Quantitative Analysis of Extent of Anterior Clinoidectomy with intradural and extradural approaches 3-Dimensional Analysis and cadaver dissection Operative Neurosurg. - 2015. - Vol. 11. - Р. 147-161</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tripathi, Y-D. Quantitative Analysis of Extent of Anterior Clinoidectomy with intradural and extradural approaches 3-Dimensional Analysis and cadaver dissection Operative Neurosurg. - 2015. - Vol. 11. - Р. 147-161</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wanibuchi M. Photo Atlas of Skull Base Dissection / ed. M.Wanibuchi. - New York: Thieme Medical, 2009. - Р. 293-310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wanibuchi M. Photo Atlas of Skull Base Dissection / ed. M.Wanibuchi. - New York: Thieme Medical, 2009. - Р. 293-310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yasuda, A. Microsurgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus. [Text] / A. Yasuda, A. Campero, C. Martins // Neurosurg. - 2008. - Vol. 62, N 6. - Suppl. 3. - Р. 1240-1263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yasuda, A. Microsurgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus. [Text] / A. Yasuda, A. Campero, C. Martins // Neurosurg. - 2008. - Vol. 62, N 6. - Suppl. 3. - Р. 1240-1263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youssef, A.S. The carotid-oculomotor window in exposure of upper basilar artery aneurisms: A Cadaveric Morphometric Study [Text] / A.S. Youssef, K.M. Agazzi // Neurosurg. - 2004. - Vol. 54, N 5. - Р. 1181 - 1189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youssef, A.S. The carotid-oculomotor window in exposure of upper basilar artery aneurisms: A Cadaveric Morphometric Study [Text] / A.S. Youssef, K.M. Agazzi // Neurosurg. - 2004. - Vol. 54, N 5. - Р. 1181 - 1189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
