<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.63769/1683-3295-2017-0-1-45-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-417</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ АНАЛЬГЕЗИИ ПРИ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПОЯСНИЧНОЙ ГРЫЖЕЙ МЕЖПОЗВОНКОВОГО ДИСКА: ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The usage of multimodal analgesic schemes in surgical treatment of patients with lumbar discal hernia: the preliminary results of efficacy assessment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генов</surname><given-names>Павел Геннадьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Genov</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">genov78@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимербаев</surname><given-names>Андрей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timerbaev</surname><given-names>V. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринь</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grin’</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Реброва</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rebrova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГБУЗ города Москвы «НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Генов П.Г., Тимербаев А.А., Гринь А.А., Реброва О.Ю., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Генов П.Г., Тимербаев А.А., Гринь А.А., Реброва О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Genov P.G., Timerbaev V.K., Grin’ A.A., Rebrova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/417">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/417</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы: Определить наличие или отсутствие влияния методов периоперационного обезболивания на частоту формирования «синдрома неудачной операции на позвоночнике» после удаления грыж межпозвонковых дисков. Материалы и методы: В проспективное исследование в 2010-2013 гг. включены 129 больных, которым была выполнена дискэктомия на поясничном уровне по поводу грыжи межпозвонкового диска. Пациенты группы ОА+Т (n=20) были оперированы под общей анестезией и получали после операции обезболивание «по требованию». В группе СМА+ПМО (n=23) больные оперированы под спинномозговой анестезией (СМА) с последующим использованием превентивного мультимодального обезболивания (ПМО) на основе кетопрофена, парацетамола и налбуфина. В группе ОА+ПМО (n=21) применяли общую анестезию и ПМО; в группе ОА+ПМО+И (n=21) дополнительно выполняли инфильтрацию раны раствором бупивакаина; в группе ОА+ПМО+А (n=20) - аппликацию кортикостероидов на область пораженного корешка; в группе ОА+ПМО+ИА (n=24) - инфильтрацию раны и аппликацию кортикостероидов. Интенсивность острой послеоперационной боли оценивали в течение 7 сут. Через 6 мес после операции проводили телефонный опрос, во время которого изучали отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения. Результаты: У пациентов группы ОА+Т анальгезия не была адекватной в течение 4 послеоперационных суток. В группе ОА+ПМО обезболивание было адекватным в течение всего периода наблюдения. Болевой синдром у пациентов этой группы был статистически значимо ниже, по сравнению с ОА+Т, в течение первых 4 сут после операции. У больных группы СА+ПМО интенсивность боли была статистически значимо ниже, чем в группе ОА+ПМО только в первые 2 ч после операции. У пациентов групп ОА+ПМО+И и ОА+ПМО+ИА боль была значимо меньше, чем в группе ОА+ПМО, на протяжении 2 послеоперационных суток. При изучении отдаленных результатов лечения выявили, что через 6 мес после хирургического вмешательства болевой синдром в спине и (или) ноге испытывали 60% пациентов, из них 30% - боль в ноге. Средняя интенсивность боли составляла 2,85 (2; 3) баллов по числовой рейтинговой шкале. 24% пациентов с хронической болью отмечали нарушения сна, 23% - значительное снижение качества жизни, 25% были нетрудоспособными. Между исследуемыми группами не было обнаружено статистически значимых различий в частоте наблюдения через полгода после операции как хронической боли в спине и (или) ноге, так и боли в ноге (p=0,459 и p=0,903 соответственно, тест %2), а также в средней интенсивности боли (p=0,112, тест Краскела-Уоллиса ANOVA). Заключение: Применение протоколов превентивного мультимодального обезболивания обеспечивает адекватный контроль послеоперационной боли в течение 7 сут, а введение анальгетиков «по требованию» не позволяет решить эту задачу в течение первых 4 сут после удаления поясничных грыж межпозвонковых дисков. После 4-х суток у пациентов наблюдается спонтанное снижение интенсивности боли. Использование СА у пациентов с грыжами диска способствует снижению боли только в первые часы после вмешательства (время сохранения остаточного субарахноидального блока) по сравнению с больными, оперированными в условиях ОА. Применение инфильтрации раны раствором бупивакаина позволяет добиться снижения у пациентов интенсивности боли в течение первых 2 послеоперационных суток по сравнению с больными, у которых инфильтрация не применялась. Через полгода после операции боль в спине и (или) ноге испытывают 60%, в ноге - 30% пациентов. У 23-25% пациентов с болью формируется тяжелый хронический болевой синдром, сопровождающийся нарушениями сна, нетрудоспособностью и значительным снижением качества жизни. Частота формирования синдрома неудачной операции на позвоночнике после удаления грыж межпозвонковых дисков не зависит от используемой схемы периоперационного обезболивания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to determine the influence of perioperative analgesia methods on the incidence of « failed back surgery syndrome» after intervertebral discal hernia removal. Material and methods: This prospective study was conducted from 2010 till 2013 and included 129 patients who underwent lumbar discectomy regarding intervertebral discal hernia. Patients of group GA+R (n=20) were operated on under general anesthesia (GA) and received «analgesia at request» (R) in postoperative period. Group SA+PMA included patients (n=23) who were operated under spinal anesthesia (SA) with the following usage of preventive multimodal analgesia (PMA) based on ketoprofen, paracetamol and nalbuphine. General anesthesia and PMA was used in GA+PMA (n=21) group; the additional wound infiltration by bupivacaine solution (I) was used in GA+PMA+I (n=21) group; application of corticosteroids (A) in the area of damaged spinal root - in GA+PMA+A (n=20) group; combination of wound infiltration by bupivacaine solution and application of corticosteroids - in GA+PMA+IA (n=24) group. The intensity of acute postoperative pain was assessed within 7 postoperative days. The phone interview was conducted in 6 months after operation with examination of long-term outcomes of surgical treatment. Results: The analgesia was inadequate in all patients of GA+R group within 4 postoperative days comparing with adequate analgesia in patients of GA+PMA group during whole period of observation. The pain syndrome within first 4 postoperative days had significantly lower intensity among patients of GA+PMA group comparing with GA+R group. Patients of SA+PMA group reported that pain intensity was significantly lower only during first 2 hours after operation comparing with GA+PMA group. Patients of GA+PMA+I and GA+PMA+IA groups had lower intensity pain within 2 postoperative days comparing with GA+PMA group. Studying the long-term outcomes of surgical treatment it was revealed that 60% of patients had back and/or lower extremity pain, among them 30% - lower extremity pain in 6 months after operation. The mean pain intensity was assessed as 2,85 (2; 3) according to numeric rating scale, 24% of patients suffered from chronic pain reported about sleep disturbances, 23% - significant reduction in the life quality, 25% of patients were были unable to work. There were no statistically significant differences between examined groups concerning incidence of chronic back and/or lower extremity pain as well as lower extremity pain (p=0,459 и p=0,903 consequently, x2 test) and mean pain intensity (p=0,112, Kruskal-Wallis test ANOVA) in 6 months after operation. Conclusion: The usage of preventive multimodal analgesic schemes provides the adequate pain control within 7 postoperative days while the usage of analgesia at request does not allow solving this challenge within first 4 postoperative days after intervertebral discal hernia removal. The spontaneous release of pain intensity is seen after 4th postoperative day. The SA usage in patients with discal hernia provides the pain release only during first several hours after operations (within time of residual subarachnoid block) comparing with patients underwent surgery under GA. The usage of wound infiltration by bupivacaine solution allows achieving the lowering of pain intensity during first 2 postoperative days comparing with patie nts without wound infiltration. The 60% of patients suffered from back and/or lower extremity pain and 30% of patients - from lower extremity pain in 6 months after operation/ More over the chronic severe pain syndrome is observed in 23-25% of patients, accompanied by sleep disturbances, inability to work and significant reduction in the life quality The incidence of failed back surgery syndrome occurrence after intervertebral discal hernia removal is independent of perioperative analgesia schemes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>послеоперационная боль</kwd><kwd>хроническая боль</kwd><kwd>обезболивание</kwd><kwd>анальгезия</kwd><kwd>хирургия позвоночника</kwd><kwd>инфильтрация раны</kwd><kwd>синдром неудачной операции на позвоночнике</kwd><kwd>postoperative pain</kwd><kwd>chronic pain</kwd><kwd>anesthesia</kwd><kwd>analgesia</kwd><kwd>spinal surgery</kwd><kwd>wound infiltration</kwd><kwd>failed back surgery syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mixter W., Barr J. Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spine canal. N. Engl. J. Med. 1934; 211(2): 210-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mixter W., Barr J. Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spine canal. N. Engl. J. Med. 1934; 211(2): 210-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asch H.L., Lewis P.J., Moreland D.B., Egnatchik J.G, Yu Y.J, Clabeaux D.E et al. Prospective multiple outcomes of outpatient lumbar microdiscectomy: should 75-80% success rates be the norm? J. Neurosurg. 2002; 96(Suppl.1): 34-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asch H.L., Lewis P.J., Moreland D.B., Egnatchik J.G, Yu Y.J, Clabeaux D.E et al. Prospective multiple outcomes of outpatient lumbar microdiscectomy: should 75-80% success rates be the norm? J. Neurosurg. 2002; 96(Suppl.1): 34-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peul W.C., van Houwelingen H.C, van den Hout W.B, Brand R, Eekhof J.A, Tans J.T et al.; Leiden-The Hague Spine Intervention Prognostic Study Group. Surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment for sciatica. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 356(22): 2245-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peul W.C., van Houwelingen H.C, van den Hout W.B, Brand R, Eekhof J.A, Tans J.T et al.; Leiden-The Hague Spine Intervention Prognostic Study Group. Surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment for sciatica. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 356(22): 2245-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peul W.C, van den Hout W.B, Brand R, Thomeer R.T, Koes B.W; Leiden-The Hague Spine Intervention Prognostic Study Group. Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation: Two year results of a randomized control trial. BMJ. 2008; 336(7657): 1355-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peul W.C, van den Hout W.B, Brand R, Thomeer R.T, Koes B.W; Leiden-The Hague Spine Intervention Prognostic Study Group. Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation: Two year results of a randomized control trial. BMJ. 2008; 336(7657): 1355-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomson S., Jacques L. Demographic characteristics of patients with severe neuropathic pain secondary to failed back surgery syndrome. Pain. Pract. 2009; 9(3): 206-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomson S., Jacques L. Demographic characteristics of patients with severe neuropathic pain secondary to failed back surgery syndrome. Pain. Pract. 2009; 9(3): 206-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasenbring M., Marienfeld G., Kuhlendahl D., Soyka D. Risk factors of chronicity in lumbar disc patients. A prospective investigation of biologic, psychologic, and social predictors of therapy outcome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994; 19(24): 275965.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasenbring M., Marienfeld G., Kuhlendahl D., Soyka D. Risk factors of chronicity in lumbar disc patients. A prospective investigation of biologic, psychologic, and social predictors of therapy outcome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994; 19(24): 275965.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nachemson A. Evaluation of results in lumbar spine surgery. Acta Orthop. Scand. 1993; 251: 130-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nachemson A. Evaluation of results in lumbar spine surgery. Acta Orthop. Scand. 1993; 251: 130-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Lissovoy G, Brown R.E, Halpern M, Hassenbusch S.J, Ross E. Cost-effectiveness of long-term intrathecal morphine therapy for pain associated with failed back surgery syndrome. Clin. Ther. 1997; 19(1): 96-112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Lissovoy G, Brown R.E, Halpern M, Hassenbusch S.J, Ross E. Cost-effectiveness of long-term intrathecal morphine therapy for pain associated with failed back surgery syndrome. Clin. Ther. 1997; 19(1): 96-112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perkins F.M., Kehlet H. Chronic pain as an outcome of surgery: A review of predictive factors. Anesthesiology. 2000; 93(4): 1123-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perkins F.M., Kehlet H. Chronic pain as an outcome of surgery: A review of predictive factors. Anesthesiology. 2000; 93(4): 1123-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kehlet H., Dahl J.B. The value of ‘multimodal’ or ‘balanced’ analgesia in postoperative pain treatment. Anesth. Analg. 1993; 77(5): 1048-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kehlet H., Dahl J.B. The value of ‘multimodal’ or ‘balanced’ analgesia in postoperative pain treatment. Anesth. Analg. 1993; 77(5): 1048-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ranguis S.C., Li D., Webster A.C. Perioperative epidural steroids for lumbar spine surgery in degenerative spinal disease. A review. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2010; 13(6): 745-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ranguis S.C., Li D., Webster A.C. Perioperative epidural steroids for lumbar spine surgery in degenerative spinal disease. A review. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2010; 13(6): 745-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lotfinia I, Khallaghi E, Meshkini A, Shakeri M, Shima M, Safaeian A. Interaoperative use of epidural methylprednisolone or bupivacaine for postsurgical lumbar discectomy pain relief: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann. Saudi Med. 2007; 27(4): 279-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lotfinia I, Khallaghi E, Meshkini A, Shakeri M, Shima M, Safaeian A. Interaoperative use of epidural methylprednisolone or bupivacaine for postsurgical lumbar discectomy pain relief: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann. Saudi Med. 2007; 27(4): 279-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modi H, Chung K.J, Yoon H.S, Yoo H.S, Yoo J.H. Local application of low-dose Depo-Medrol is effective in reducing immediate postoperative back pain. Int. Orthop. 2009; 33(3): 737-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Modi H, Chung K.J, Yoon H.S, Yoo H.S, Yoo J.H. Local application of low-dose Depo-Medrol is effective in reducing immediate postoperative back pain. Int. Orthop. 2009; 33(3): 737-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milligan K.R, Macafee A.L, Fogarty D.J, Wallace R.G, Ramsey P. Intraoperative bupivacaine diminishes pain after lumbar discectomy. A randomised double-blind study. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1993; 75(5): 769-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milligan K.R, Macafee A.L, Fogarty D.J, Wallace R.G, Ramsey P. Intraoperative bupivacaine diminishes pain after lumbar discectomy. A randomised double-blind study. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1993; 75(5): 769-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yцrьkoрlu D, Ate Y, Temiz H, Yamali H, Kecik Y. Comparison of low-dose intrathecal and epidural morphine and bupivacaine infiltration for postoperative pain control after surgery for lumbar disc disease. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 2005; 17(3): 129-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yцrьkoрlu D, Ate Y, Temiz H, Yamali H, Kecik Y. Comparison of low-dose intrathecal and epidural morphine and bupivacaine infiltration for postoperative pain control after surgery for lumbar disc disease. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 2005; 17(3): 129-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan C.W., Peng P. Failed back surgery syndrome. Pain. Med. 2011; 12(4): 577-606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan C.W., Peng P. Failed back surgery syndrome. Pain. Med. 2011; 12(4): 577-606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shapiro C.M. The failed back surgery syndrome: pitfalls surrounding evaluation and treatment. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am. 2014; 25(2): 319-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapiro C.M. The failed back surgery syndrome: pitfalls surrounding evaluation and treatment. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am. 2014; 25(2): 319-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
