neurosurgeryНейрохирургияRussian journal of neurosurgery1683-32952587-7569Издательский дом "МедИНК"10.63769/1683-3295-2026-28-2-122-134neurosurgery-1853Research ArticleЛЕКЦИЯLECTUREЭ.Д. Сквайр, П.П. Брока и В.А. Хорсли как основоположники палеоантропологии и палеопатологииE.J. Squire, P.P. Broka and V.A. Horsley as founders of paleoanthropology and paleopathologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-4917УлитинА. Ю.UlitinA. Yu.

191014 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, 12 

12 Mayakovsky St., Saint Petersburg 191014 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6869-5078РаменскийВ. В.RamenskyV. V.

Владислав Владимирович Раменский

191014 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, 12 

Vladislav Vladimirovich Ramensky  

12 Mayakovsky St., Saint Petersburg 191014 

ramenv@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-935XВоиновН. Е.VoinovN. E.

191014 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, 12 

12 Mayakovsky St., Saint Petersburg 191014 

УлитинГ. А.UlitinG. A.

194044 СанктПетербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6, литера Ж 

lit. Ж, 6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg 194044

ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский нейрохирургический институт им. проф. А.Л. Поленова» – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияA.L. Polenov Russian Scientific Research Neurosurgical Institute – branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны РоссииРоссияS.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of Ministry of Defense of RussiaRussian Federation202619062026282122134Copyright © Улитин А.Ю., Раменский В.В., Воинов Н.Е., Улитин Г.А., 20262026Улитин А.Ю., Раменский В.В., Воинов Н.Е., Улитин Г.А.Ulitin A.Y., Ramensky V.V., Voinov N.E., Ulitin G.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1853

Научный интерес к трепанации черепа возник лишь во второй половине XIX в. после того, как Э.Д. Сквайр привез из экспедиции трепанированный череп доколумбовой эпохи. Изучение в последующем данной находки французским хирургом П.П. Брока с учетом его антропологических и медицинских знаний помогло создать захватывающую атмосферу, в которой ученые размышляли о том, что на самом деле знали неолитические и первобытные люди о мозге и хирургии. В.А. Хорсли впоследствии предположил, что трепанация возникла как способ лечения боли и эпилепсии, связанных со вдавленными переломами. Как и П.П. Брока до него, В.А. Хорсли вызвал научный интерес, побудивший других ученых в конце 1800‑х годов исследовать древние трепанации и писать о них. 

Scientific interest in craniotomy arose only in the second half of the 19th century after a pre-Columbian trepanned skull brought from the expedition by E.D. Squier. The subsequent study of this find by the French surgeon P.P. Broca, taking into account his anthropological and medical knowledge, helped create an exciting atmosphere in which scientists reflected on what Neolithic and primitive people actually knew about the brain and surgery. V.A. Horsley postulated that trepanation originated as a way to treat pain and epilepsy caused by depressed cranial fractures. Like P.P. Brock before him, V.A. Horsley aroused scientific interest, prompting others in the late 1800s to research and write about ancient trepanations. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.