<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.63769/1683-3295-2025-27-4-46-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1757</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка эффективности консервативного и хирургического методов лечения пострадавших с нестабильными переломами крестца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of efficacy of conservative and surgical treatment methods in patients with unstable sacral fractures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-4982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаджиев</surname><given-names>З. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khadzhiev</surname><given-names>Z. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заур Бахмудович Хаджиев</p><p>129090 Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaur Bakhmudovich Khadzhiev</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaur.xadzhiev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3515-8329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринь</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090 Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2444-8136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Природов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prirodov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090 Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н. В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хаджиев З.Б., Гринь А.А., Природов А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хаджиев З.Б., Гринь А.А., Природов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khadzhiev Z.B., Grin A.A., Prirodov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1757">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1757</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Лечение пациентов с сочетанной травмой и нестабильными переломами крестца представляет собой сложную междисциплинарную проблему ввиду высокого риска летальности, неврологических осложнений и длительной реабилитации. Актуальность исследования обусловлена отсутствием единого мнения об оптимальных времени и методе хирургической стабилизации, а также дальнейшем лечении пациентов с нестабильными переломами крестца.</p><p>Цель исследования – провести анализ результатов лечения пострадавших с нестабильными переломами крестца (тип С по классификации АО (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen)).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование были включены 67 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет с диагнозом нестабильного перелома крестца (2014–2023 гг.). В зависимости от тактики лечения были выделены 2 группы: 1-я группа – хирургического лечения (n = 54), включившая подгруппы 1А – крестцово-подвздошной фиксации (n = 26), 1Б – триангулярной фиксации (n = 25), 1В – декомпрессии крестцового канала (n = 3); 2‑я группа – консервативного лечения (n = 13). Оценка эффективности лечения включала показатели: сроки активизации, осложнения, функциональные исходы (по шкале Majeed), неврологический статус (по шкале Gibbons).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сроки активизации в 1‑й группе (хирургического лечения) составили 6,2 ± 3,8 дня (подгруппа 1А), во 2‑й группе (консервативного лечения) – 31,4 ± 8,3 дня (p &lt;0,01). Частота осложнений в группе консервативного лечения достигла 100 %, наиболее распространенными из осложнений были тромбозы глубоких вен (100 %), пневмония (84,6 %) и пролежни (76,9 %). В группе хирургического лечения общие осложнения отмечены у 61,1 % пациентов, при этом в подгруппе триангулярной фиксации их частота была выше (60,0 %), чем после изолированной крестцово-подвздошной фиксации (46,1 %). В группе хирургического лечения отличные и хорошие функциональные результаты по шкале Majeed зафиксированы у 84,0 % пациентов, в группе консервативного лечения – лишь у 46,2 % пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наибольшая эффективность при осложненных переломах крестца типа С3 по классификации AO достигнута при использовании техники триангулярной фиксации, которая обеспечила наилучшие неврологические исходы лечения. При неосложненных повреждениях отличные результаты получены после изолированной крестцово-подвздошной фиксации. Консервативное лечение сопряжено с высоким риском осложнений и является вынужденной мерой.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Treatment of patients with combined injury and unstable sacral fractures is a complex interdisciplinary problem due to high risks of mortality and neurological complications, and long rehabilitation. The study is important because of the absence of a consensus on the optimal time and technique of surgical stabilization, as well as on further treatment of patients with unstable sacral fractures.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze results of treatment of patients with unstable sacral fractures (type С per the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 67 patients aged 18 to 65 years with diagnosis of unstable sacral fracture (2014–2023). Depending on treatment tactics, 2 groups were identified: group 1 received surgical treatment (n = 54) with subgroup 1А undergoing sacroiliac fixation (n = 26), group 1B – triangular fixation (n = 25), group 1В – sacral canal decompression (n = 3); group 2 received conservative treatment (n = 13). Assessment of treatment efficacy included analysis of the following parameters: time to mobilization, complications, functional outcomes (Majeed scale), neurological status (Gibbons scale).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Time to mobilization in the group 1 (surgical treatment) was 6.2 ± 3.8 days (subgroup 1А), in the group 2 (conservative treatment) – 31.4 ± 8.3 days (p &lt;0.01). Complication rate in the conservative treatment group reached 100 %, with the most common complications being deep vein thrombosis (100 %), pneumonia (84.6 %), and bedsores (76.9 %). In the surgical treatment group, general complications were reported in 61.1 % of patients, and in the triangular fixation group complication rate was higher (60.0 %) than in the isolated sacroiliac fixation group (46.1 %). In the surgical treatment group, excellent and good functional results per the Majeed scale were observed in 84.0 % of patients, while in the conservative treatment group only in 46.2 % of patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The maximal efficacy in treatment of type C3 per AO classification complicated sacral fractures was achieved using triangular fixation technique which allowed to achieve the best neurological outcomes. For uncomplicated fractures, isolated sacroiliac fixation showed excellent results. Conservative treatment is associated with high risk of complications and is the last choice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нестабильный перелом крестца</kwd><kwd>перелом таза</kwd><kwd>политравма</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>крестцово-подвздошная фиксация</kwd><kwd>триангулярная фиксация</kwd><kwd>неврологическое осложнение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>unstable sacral fracture</kwd><kwd>pelvic fracture</kwd><kwd>polytrauma</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd><kwd>sacroiliac fixation</kwd><kwd>triangular fixation</kwd><kwd>neurological complication</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tile M. Pelvic ring fractures: should they be fixed? J Bone Joint Surg Br 1988;70(1):1–12. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.70B1.3276697</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tile M. Pelvic ring fractures: should they be fixed? J Bone Joint Surg Br 1988;70(1):1–12. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.70B1.3276697</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Majeed S.A. Grading the outcome of pelvic fractures. Injury 1989;20(3):162–4. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.71B2.2925751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Majeed S.A. Grading the outcome of pelvic fractures. Injury 1989;20(3):162–4. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.71B2.2925751</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibbons K.J., Soloniuk D.S., Razack N. Neurological injury and patterns of sacral fractures. Neurosurgery 1990;72(6):889–93. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1990.72.6.0889</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibbons K.J., Soloniuk D.S., Razack N. Neurological injury and patterns of sacral fractures. Neurosurgery 1990;72(6):889–93. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1990.72.6.0889</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santolini E., Kanakaris N.K., Giannoudis P.V. Sacral fractures: issues, challenges, solutions. EFOR T Open Rev 2020;5(5):299–311. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190064</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santolini E., Kanakaris N.K., Giannoudis P.V. Sacral fractures: issues, challenges, solutions. EFOR T Open Rev 2020;5(5):299–311. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigues-Pinto R., Kurd M.F., Schroeder G.D. et al. Sacral fractures and associated injuries. Global Spine J 2017;7(7):609–16. DOI: 10.1177/2192568217701097</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigues-Pinto R., Kurd M.F., Schroeder G.D. et al. Sacral fractures and associated injuries. Global Spine J 2017;7(7):609–16. DOI: 10.1177/2192568217701097</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aprato A., Branca Vergano L., Casiraghi A. et al. Consensus for management of sacral fractures: from the diagnosis to the treatment, with a focus on the role of decompression in sacral fractures. J Orthop Traumatol 2023;24(1):46. DOI: 10.1186/s10195-023-00726-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aprato A., Branca Vergano L., Casiraghi A. et al. Consensus for management of sacral fractures: from the diagnosis to the treatment, with a focus on the role of decompression in sacral fractures. J Orthop Traumatol 2023;24(1):46. DOI: 10.1186/s10195-023-00726-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denis F., Davis S., Comfort T. Sacral fractures: an important problem. Spine 1988;13(2):137–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denis F., Davis S., Comfort T. Sacral fractures: an important problem. Spine 1988;13(2):137–140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montana M.A., Richardson M.L., Kilcoyne R.F. et al. CT of sacral injury. Radiology 1986;161(2):499–503. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.161.2.3763921</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montana M.A., Richardson M.L., Kilcoyne R.F. et al. CT of sacral injury. Radiology 1986;161(2):499–503. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.161.2.3763921</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Expert Panel on Major Trauma Imaging; Shyu J.Y., Khurana B., Soto J.A. et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® Major Blunt Trauma. J Am Coll Radiol 2020;17(5):160–S74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.01.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Expert Panel on Major Trauma Imaging; Shyu J.Y., Khurana B., Soto J.A. et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® Major Blunt Trauma. J Am Coll Radiol 2020;17(5):160–S74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.01.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аганесов Н.А., Лазарев А.Ф., Кулешов А.А. и др. Повреждения заднего полукольца таза: классификация, диагностика, методы лечения. Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова 2022;29(2):205–20. DOI: 10.17816/vto109172</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aganesov N.A., Lazarev A.F., Kuleshov A.A. et al. Injuries to the posterior pelvic ring: classification, diagnostics, and treatment methods. Vestnik travmatologii i ortopedii im. N.N. Priorova = N.N. Priorov Bulletin of Traumatology and Orthopedics 2022;29(2):205–20. DOI: 10.17816/vto109172</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vallier H.A., Lowe J.A., Agel J. et al. Surgery for unilateral sacral fractures: are the indications clear? J Orthop Trauma 2019;33(12):619–25. DOI: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001587</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vallier H.A., Lowe J.A., Agel J. et al. Surgery for unilateral sacral fractures: are the indications clear? J Orthop Trauma 2019;33(12):619–25. DOI: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaskey G.E., Manson T.T., Castillo R.K. et al. Non-operative treatment of pelvic ring injuries with lateral compression type 1 of moderate severity with minimal displacement of complete sacral fracture. J Orthop Trauma 2014:28(12):674–80. DOI: 10.1097/BOT.00000000000000130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaskey G.E., Manson T.T., Castillo R.K. et al. Non-operative treatment of pelvic ring injuries with lateral compression type 1 of moderate severity with minimal displacement of complete sacral fracture. J Orthop Trauma 2014:28(12):674–80. DOI: 10.1097/BOT.00000000000000130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tile M. Acute pelvic fractures. I. Causation and classification. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1996;4(3):143–51. DOI: 10.5435/00124635-199605000-00004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tile M. Acute pelvic fractures. I. Causation and classification. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1996;4(3):143–51. DOI: 10.5435/00124635-199605000-00004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко А.В., Круглыхин И.В., Плотников И.А. и др. Внешняя фиксация как основной и окончательный метод лечения повреждений тазового кольца при политравме. Политравма 2018;2:41–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko A.V., Kruglykhin I.V., Plotnikov I.A. et al. External fixation as the main and final method of treating pelvic ring injuries in polytrauma. Polytrauma 2018;2:41–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romoli S., Petrella L., Becattini E. et al. Treatment of unstable spinopelvic fractures: outcome of three surgical techniques – a retrospective single-center case series. Eur Spine J 2023;32(1): 93–100. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07330-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romoli S., Petrella L., Becattini E. et al. Treatment of unstable spinopelvic fractures: outcome of three surgical techniques – a retrospective single-center case series. Eur Spine J 2023;32(1): 93–100. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07330-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schildhauer T.A., Josten C., Muhr G. Triangular osteosynthesis of vertically unstable sacrum fractures: a new concept allowing early weight-bearing. J Orthop Trauma 2006;20(1 Suppl):S44–S51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schildhauer T.A., Josten C., Muhr G. Triangular osteosynthesis of vertically unstable sacrum fractures: a new concept allowing early weight-bearing. J Orthop Trauma 2006;20(1 Suppl):S44–S51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schildhauer T.A., Ledoux W.R., Chapman J.R. et al. Triangular osteosynthesis and iliosacral screw fixation for unstable sacral fractures: a cadaveric and biomechanical evaluation under cyclic loads. J Orthop Trauma 2003;17(1):22–31. DOI: 10.1097/00005131-200301000-00004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schildhauer T.A., Ledoux W.R., Chapman J.R. et al. Triangular osteosynthesis and iliosacral screw fixation for unstable sacral fractures: a cadaveric and biomechanical evaluation under cyclic loads. J Orthop Trauma 2003;17(1):22–31. DOI: 10.1097/00005131-200301000-00004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
