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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.63769/1683-3295-2025-27-2-27-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1683</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка риска разрыва церебральных артериовенозных мальформаций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rupture risk assessment for cerebral arteriovenous malformations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-6119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савелло</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savello</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Викторович  Савелло</p><p>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Viktorovich Savello</p><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p><p>6–8 Lva Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.savello@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-2937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабичев</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babichev</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-5838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6–8 Lva Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-9887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7482-0368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ландик</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Landik</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-3551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2615-269X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станишевский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stanishevskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-0286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемурзиева</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemurzieva</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6–8 Lva Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова» Минобороны России; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Military Academy named after S. M. Kirov; Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Military Academy named after S. M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Савелло А.В., Бабичев К.Н., Сергеев А.В., Свистов Д.В., Ландик С.А., Мартынов Р.С., Станишевский А.В., Чемурзиева Ф.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савелло А.В., Бабичев К.Н., Сергеев А.В., Свистов Д.В., Ландик С.А., Мартынов Р.С., Станишевский А.В., Чемурзиева Ф.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savello A.V., Babichev K.N., Sergeev A.V., Svistov D.V., Landik S.A., Martynov R.S., Stanishevskiy A.V., Chemurzieva F.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1683">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1683</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Кровоизлияние из церебральной артериовенозной мальформации (цАВМ) – грозное проявление заболевания, которое характеризуется высоким риском смерти и инвалидизации. Индивидуальная оценка риска кровоизлияния из цАВМ позволила бы избрать наиболее адекватную тактику лечения с учетом предполагаемого риска и возраста пациента при геморрагической манифестации.</p><p> Цель работы – разработать метод индивидуального прогнозирования риска разрыва цАВМ в период естественного течения заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ демографических характеристик, клинических проявлений, данных инструментальных методов исследований 104 пациентов с цАВМ, проходивших лечение с 2011 по 2023 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Из 104 пациентов 40 (38,5 %) перенесли кровоизлияние, которое было первым проявлением цАВМ у 35 (33,7 %) больных. Медиана возраста пациента на момент кровоизлияния из цАВМ составила 55 (95 % ДИ 49–61) лет. Разработан новый метод прогнозирования рисков разрыва цАВМ на основе 4 факторов, которые были выделены в результате регрессионного анализа и анализа рисков разрыва (модели Кокса и Вейбулла), а также из клинических соображений. Разработанная шкала ДМСО учитывает: дефицит глубокого оттока (p = 0,022), максимальный размер узла (p = 0,012), сторону расположения цАВМ (p = 0,014), отсутствие фистулы (p = 0,072). Пациентов можно разделить на 3 категории, исходя из суммы баллов, полученных при оценке 4 характеристик цАВМ по шкале ДМСО. Предлагаемая система оценки цАВМ: +3 балла – левая сторона головного мозга; –1 балл – максимальный размер узла цАВМ на каждый 1 см; +4 балла – дефицит глубокого оттока; +2 балла – отсутствие фистулы. К группе низкого риска (группа A) относили пациентов со следующим набором показателей: –2 и менее баллов для цАВМ; 43 % выборки; медиана возраста пациента на момент разрыва цАВМ 64 [60, 72] года. К группе умеренного риска (В): от –1 до +1 балла для цАВМ; 39,4 % выборки; медиана возраста пациента на момент разрыва 50 [44, 59] лет. К группе высокого риска (С): +2 и более баллов для цАВМ; 17,3 % выборки; медиана возраста пациента на момент разрыва 38 [30, 48] лет. Риск кровоизлияния из цАВМ для пациентов из группы А составил в 20 лет 0; в 30 – 8; в 40 – 12; в 50 –17; в 60 – 17 %. В тех же возрастных категориях показатели для группы В – 0, 8, 19, 41 и 80 %, для группы С – 11, 29, 60, 79 и ок. 100 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предлагаемый метод оценки риска кровоизлияния из цАВМ позволяет ранжировать пациентов по группам с низким, умеренным или высоким риском внутричерепного кровоизлияния, предположить возраст пациента на момент разрыва цАВМ и выбрать тактику лечения, адекватную по агрессивности и времени до элиминации цАВМ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is a formidable manifestation of the disease, which is characterized by a high risk of death and disability. Individual assessment of the hemorrhage risk from cAVM would allow choosing the most adequate treatment tactics taking into account the expected rupture risk and the patient’s age at hemorrhagic manifestation.</p></sec><sec><title> Aim</title><p> Aim. to develop a method for individual prediction of the cAVM risk rupture during the natural course of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and instrumental research data was performed in 104 patients with cAVM who underwent treatment from 2011 to 2023.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hemorrhage occurred in 40 (38.5 %) of 104 patients, while in 35 (33.7 %) patients it was the first manifestation of cAVM. The median age of patients at time of cAVM rupture was 55 (95 % CI 49–61) years. A new method for predicting the risks of cAVM rupture was developed based on 4 factors that were identified as a result of regression analysis and rupture risk analysis (Cox and Weibull models), as well as clinical considerations. The developed DSSF scale takes into account the following parameters: deep outflow deficit (p = 0.022), maximal node size (p = 0.012), side of cAVM location (p = 0.014), absence of fistula (p = 0.072). Patients can be divided into 3 categories based on the sum of points obtained while assessing 4 characteristics of cAVM using the DSSF scale. The proposed cAVM assessment system was the following: +3 points – left side of the brain; – 1 point – maximum size of the cAVM node per each 1 cm; +4 points – deep outflow deficiency; +2 points – absence of fistula. The low-risk group (group A) included patients with the following set of parameters: – 2 points or less for cAVM; 43 % of the sample; median patients’ age at the time of cAVM rupture – 64 [60, 72] years. The moderate risk group (B) included the following parameters: from –1 to +1 points for cAVM; 39.4 % of the sample; median patients’ age at the time of cAVM rupture – 50 [44, 59] years. The high risk group (C) included the following parameters: +2 or more points for cAVM; 17.3 % of the sample; median patients’ age at the time of cAVM rupture – 38 [30, 48] years. The risk of hemorrhage from cAVM for patients in group A was 0 at 20; 8 at 30; 12 at 40; 17 at 50; 17 % at 60 years old. In the same age categories, these data for group B were 0, 8, 19, 41 and 80 %, for group C – 11, 29, 60, 79 % and about 100 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed method for assessing the hemorrhage risk for cAVM allows ranking patients into groups with low, moderate or high risk of intracranial bleeding, suggesting the patients’ age at time of cAVM rupture and choosing the adequate treatment tactics in terms of surgical aggression and time to cAVM elimination.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериовенозная мальформация (АВМ) головного мозга</kwd><kwd>внутричерепное кровоизлияние</kwd><kwd>риск кровоизлияния</kwd><kwd>предиктор кровоизлияния</kwd><kwd>возраст разрыва</kwd><kwd>отток по глубоким венам мозга</kwd><kwd>фистула в церебальной артериовенозной мальформации</kwd><kwd>оптимизированная тактика лечения</kwd><kwd>размер церебральной АВМ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM)</kwd><kwd>intracranial hemorrhage</kwd><kwd>hemorrhage risk</kwd><kwd>hemorrhage predictor</kwd><kwd>cAVM rupture risk</kwd><kwd>deep cerebral vein drainage</kwd><kwd>fistula</kwd><kwd>optimized treatment strategy</kwd><kwd>size of cerebral AVM</kwd><kwd>patient’s age</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. 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