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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2024-26-1-65-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения у пациентов с изолированной среднетяжелой и тяжелой черепно‑мозговой травмой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Venous thromboembolism in patients with isolated moderate to severe traumatic brain injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-0835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрипун</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khripun</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-7549</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прямиков</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pryamikov</surname><given-names>A. D. </given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Дмитриевич Прямиков </p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>115516 Москва, ул. Бакинская, 26</p><p>   </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Dmitriyevich Pryamikov </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p><p>26 Bakinskaya St., Moscow 115516</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pryamikov80@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-4249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асратян</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asratyan</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516 Москва, ул. Бакинская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26 Bakinskaya St., Moscow 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8196-4458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белков</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belkov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516 Москва, ул. Бакинская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26 Bakinskaya St., Moscow 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-908X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironkov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>115516 Москва, ул. Бакинская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p><p>26 Bakinskaya St., Moscow 115516</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9651-4759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суряхин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suryakhin</surname><given-names>V.  S. </given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516 Москва, ул. Бакинская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26 Bakinskaya St., Moscow 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-6893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есипов</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esipov</surname><given-names>P.  S. </given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516 Москва, ул. Бакинская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26 Bakinskaya St., Moscow 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-7812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красников</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnikov</surname><given-names>A.  L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516 Москва, ул. Бакинская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26 Bakinskaya St., Moscow 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-0927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуркин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516 Москва, ул. Бакинская, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26 Bakinskaya St., Moscow 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. В. М. Буянова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; V.M. Buyanov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. В. М. Буянова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Buyanov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хрипун А.И., Прямиков А.Д., Асратян С.А., Белков М.В., Миронков А.Б., Суряхин В.С., Есипов П.С., Красников А.Л., Чуркин А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хрипун А.И., Прямиков А.Д., Асратян С.А., Белков М.В., Миронков А.Б., Суряхин В.С., Есипов П.С., Красников А.Л., Чуркин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khripun A.I., Pryamikov A.D., Asratyan S.A., Belkov M.A., Mironkov A.B., Suryakhin V.S., Esipov P.S., Krasnikov A.L., Churkin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1497">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1497</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Черепно‑мозговая травма (ЧМТ) остается большой проблемой современной нейрохирургии, сопровождаясь высокими показателями инвалидизации и летальности. Значительную долю в структуре смертности при этой патологии занимают венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения (ВТЭО), включающие венозный тромбоз и тромбоэмболию легочной артерии (ТЭЛА). Режимы и схемы медикаментозной профилактики ВТЭО при ЧМТ, как и соответствующие профилактические подходы, на сегодняшний день окончательно не определены.</p><p>Цель исследования – выявить частоту ВТЭО при изолированной среднетяжелой и тяжелой ЧМТ, оценить результаты профилактики и лечения ВТЭО у пациентов данной категории.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. За 3‑летний период (с 2020 по 2023 г.) в Городской клинической больнице им. В. М. Буянова пролечены 73 пациента с изолированной среднетяжелой и тяжелой ЧМТ, в том числе 51 мужчина и 22 женщины (средний возраст 61,0 ± 13,0 года). Из них 31 больной получил только консервативную терапию, оперированы 42 пациента (костно‑пластическая трепанация с удалением гематомы, закрытое наружное дренирование гематомы и установка датчика внутричерепного давления). Ультразвуковое исследование вен нижних конечностей выполняли при поступлении пациента, далее повторяли каждые 7 сут вплоть до выписки из стационара. Медикаментозную профилактику ВТЭО путем назначения низкомолекулярного гепарина у неоперированных больных начинали спустя 1–2 сут, если по данным компьютерной томографии головного мозга через 24 ч от момента поступления состояние гематомы было без отрицательной динамики. Оперированным пациентам медикаментозную профилактику назначали через 24 ч после вмешательства при подтвержденном данными компьютерной томографии внутричерепном гемостазе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Венозный тромбоз выявлен у 22 (30,1 %) из 73 пациентов. ТЭЛА осложнила основное заболевание в 1 (1,4 %) случае и носила нефатальный характер. Фатальных ТЭЛА в исследуемой группе не было. Увеличение объема исходной внутричерепной гематомы имело место у 3 (4,1 %) больных: в 2 (2,8 %) случаях рецидив кровоизлияния произошел до начала гепаринопрофилактики, в 1 (1,4 %) случае – на фоне лечебных доз антикоагулянтов, назначенных по поводу венозного тромбоза. В большинстве случаев (82,0 %; 18 из 22 пациентов) тромбозы локализовались в глубоких венах голени и были асимптомными. Внутригоспитальная летальность составила 23,3 % (17 пациентов), все летальные исходы были обусловлены течением травматической болезни головного мозга. Заключение. ВТЭО являются частым осложнением ЧМТ с внутричерепным кровоизлиянием. Регулярное проведение ультразвуковой диагностики дает возможность своевременно выявлять асимптомный дистальный венозный тромбоз и вовремя назначать лечебные дозы низкомолекулярного гепарина, что в свою очередь позволяет избежать фатальных ТЭЛА. В настоящее время отсутствуют четкие отечественные рекомендации по профилактике, а главное – по лечению ВТЭО у больных с изолированной среднетяжелой и тяжелой ЧМТ, что требует дальнейшего активного изучения данной проблемы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a big problem of modern neurosurgery, accompanied by high rates of disability and lethality. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE) plays a significant role in the structure of mortality in this pathology. Regimens and schemes of pharmacological prevention of VTE in TBI as well as corresponding preventative measures are not yet determined completely.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To identify the frequency of VTE in patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI, and to evaluate the results of prevention and treatment of these complications in patients of this category.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Over a 3‑year period (from 2020 to 2023) 73 patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI (51 men and 22 women, mean age 61.0 ± 13.0 years) were treated in the V. M. Buyanov City Clinical Hospital. Of these, 31 patients received only conservative therapy, and 42 patients underwent surgery (craniotomy with hematoma removal, closed external hematoma drainage, and installation of intracranial pressure sensor). Ultrasound examination of the lower limb veins was performed at patient admission, then every 7 days until discharge from the hospital. Pharmacological prevention of VTE using low molecular weight heparin in non‑surgical patients was started after 1–2 days if computed tomography of the brain 24 h after admission showed no negative hematoma dynamics. Surgical patients were prescribed preventive medications 24 h after surgery if computed tomography confirmed intracranial hemostasis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Venous thrombosis was detected in 22 (30.1 %) of 73 patients. PE complicated the underlying disease in 1 (1.4 %) case and was non‑fatal. There was no fatal PE in the study group. An increase of the initial intracranial hematoma volume occurred in 3 (4.1 %) patients, in 2 (2.8 %) patients the recurrence of hemorrhage occurred before the beginning of heparin administration, and in 1 (1.4 %) case against the background of therapeutic doses of anticoagulants prescribed for venous thrombosis. In the majority of cases (82.0 %; 18 of 22 patients) thromboses were localized in deep veins of the lower leg and were asymptomatic. Intrahospital mortality was 23.3 % (17 patients), all lethal outcomes were due to the course of traumatic brain disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. VTE is a frequent complication of TBI with intracranial hemorrhage. Regular ultrasound diagnostics makes it possible to diagnose asymptomatic distal venous thrombosis in a timely manner and to prescribe therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin in time which in turn allows to avoid fatal PE. Currently, there are no clear domestic recommendations for the prevention and, most importantly, for the treatment of these complications in patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI, which requires further active study of this problem.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоз глубоких вен</kwd><kwd>тромбоэмболия легочной артерии</kwd><kwd>венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения</kwd><kwd>черепно‑мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>внутричерепное кровоизлияние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>deep vein thrombosis</kwd><kwd>pulmonary embolism</kwd><kwd>venous thromboembolism</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>intracranial bleeding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бервицкий А.В., Гужин В.Э., Мойсак Г.И. и др. Тромбоэмболические осложнения в нейрохирургии: решения на границе возможного и необходимого (обзор литературы). 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