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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2023-25-3-43-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1410</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хирургические аспекты классификации и нейровизуализационных характеристик идиопатической гидроцефалии взрослых</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surgical aspects of classification and neuroimaging characteristics of idiopathic hydrocephalus in adults</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-6664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Викторович Шевченко</p><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill Viktorovich Shevchenko </p><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kshevchenko@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-847X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиманский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shimansky</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-5074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таняшин</surname><given-names>С. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanyashin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-3733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пошатаев</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poshataev</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2581-8648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карнаухов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnaukhov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-6616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колычева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolycheva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-9327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соложенцева</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solozhentseva</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-6661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Струнина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strunina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевченко К.В., Шиманский В.Н., Таняшин С.B., Пошатаев В.К., Карнаухов В.В., Колычева М.В., Соложенцева К.Д., Струнина Ю.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевченко К.В., Шиманский В.Н., Таняшин С.B., Пошатаев В.К., Карнаухов В.В., Колычева М.В., Соложенцева К.Д., Струнина Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchenko K.V., Shimansky V.N., Tanyashin S.V., Poshataev V.K., Karnaukhov V.V., Kolycheva M.V., Solozhentseva K.D., Strunina Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1410">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1410</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Гидроцефалия может развиться в результате черепно-мозговой травмы, внутричерепного кровоизлияния, роста опухоли, перенесенного инфекционного воспаления мозговых оболочек, а также быть проявлением порока развития центральной нервной системы. При гидроцефалии, развившейся без определенной причины, говорят о ее идиопатической форме. Наиболее важными классификационными признаками гидроцефалии являются этиология и уровень обструкции ликворных путей. Классификация гидроцефалии совершенствовалась и развивалась параллельно с диагностическими и лечебными методами. В настоящее время в арсенале нейрохирурга имеются различные методы и методики оперативного лечения, имеющие свои достоинства и недостатки. Систематизация нейрорентгенологических параметров необходима для принятия решения о характере оперативного вмешательства.</p><p>Цель исследования – анализ и систематизация нейровизуализационных характеристик различных форм идиопатической гидроцефалии взрослых и оценка ее возможной классификации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В период с октября 2011 г. по март 2021 г. в ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России прошли лечение 290 пациентов, состояние которых соответствовало критериям идиопатической гидроцефалии взрослых: появление симптомов во взрослом возрасте, отсутствие указаний на этиологию гидроцефалии и врожденную гидроцефалию. Возраст пациентов составил 50 ± 18,2 (18–85) года. Данные магнитно-резонансной томографии пациентов были оценены на предмет размеров желудочков мозга, состояния конвекситальных и базальных субарахноидальных пространств, проходимости ликворных путей, изменения положения премамиллярной мембраны, межжелудочковой перегородки, крыши III желудочка и миндалин мозжечка, размеров турецкого седла, угла мозолистого тела. Частота каждого из этих параметров статистически оценена для каждой формы идиопатической гидроцефалии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Самой частой формой идиопатической гидроцефалии стала обструкция водопровода мозга. Гидроцефалии при обструкции отверстия Монро, водопровода мозга, отверстия Мажанди и цистерн основания задней ямки оказались достоверно более характерными для молодых (р &lt;0,05). Гидроцефалию при обструкции конвекситальных ликворных пространств достоверно можно назвать гидроцефалией пожилых (p &lt;0,001). Гидроцефалия без верифицированных признаков окклюзии встречалась одинаково часто во всех возрастных группах. Достоверно большее значение имел индекс FOHR и только при цистернальной обструкции. Расширение только одного или обоих боковых желудочков и уплощение крыши III желудочка характерны для обструкции отверстия Монро (p &lt;0,001). Наличие мембраны на выходе из IV желудочка и отсутствие артефакта от пульсации ликвора были характерны исключительно для пациентов с обструкцией на уровне отверстия Мажанди (p &lt;0,001). Вентральная дислокация премамиллярной мембраны была характерна для обструкции водопровода мозга, отверстия Мажанди и цистерн основания задней ямки. Компрессия конвекситальных ликворных пространств встречалась при обструкции водопровода мозга, отверстия Мажанди, а в задней черепной ямке – только при обструкции отверстия Мажанди. Расширение IV желудочка было достоверно связано с обструкцией отверстия Мажанди и цистерн основания задней ямки (p &lt;0,05). Диспропорциональное расширение ликворных пространств (DESH) достоверно связано с обструкцией конвекситальных ликворных пространств (р &lt;0,001). Дополнительные мембраны в цистернах задней ямки были обнаружены исключительно в случаях цистернальной обструкции (p &lt;0,001). Опущение миндалин мозжечка наблюдалось при обструкции отверстия Монро, водопровода мозга и отверстия Мажанди.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В результате статистического анализа определены как общие признаки, встречающиеся при всех формах гидроцефалии, так и частные, характеризующие только конкретные формы заболевания. Представленная классификация логична и обоснована, хорошо применима в нейрохирургической и рентгенологической практике, позволяет рационально планировать диагностические действия и лечение пациентов. Современный протокол магнитнорезонансной томографии должен включать как минимум изображения в режимах Т2 и FIESTA/CISS в необходимых плоскостях, изображения в режиме FLAIR в аксиальной плоскости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Hydrocephalus can be developing by a traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, tumor, meningitis of congenital malformation of the central nervous system. When the cause of the hydrocephalus is unclear it is supposed as idiopathic hydrocephalus. The most important classification features are the etiology and level of CSF obstruction. The classification was improved and developed with diagnostic and surgical methods simultaneously. Currently, the neurosurgeons have the possibility for usage of various methods and techniques of surgical treatment with their advantages and disadvantages. Systematization of radiological parameters is necessary to make a decision about the type of the surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze and systematize the neuroimaging characteristics of various forms of idiopathic hydrocephalus in adults, to assess the possible classification of idiopathic hydrocephalus.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Between October 2011 and March 2021 290 patients with idiopathic adult hydrocephalus were operated at the N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia: onset of symptoms in adulthood; no indications of the etiology of hydrocephalus and congenital hydrocephalus. The age of the patients was 50 ± 18.2 (18–85) years. The magnetic resonance images of patients were evaluated for the size of the ventricles, condition of convexital and basal subarachnoid spaces, obstruction of the CSF pathways, and changes in the position of the premamillary membrane, septum pellucidum, the roof of the 3rd ventricle and the tonsils of the cerebellum, the size of the sella turcica, the angle of the corpus callosum. The frequency of each of these parameters is statistically estimated for each form of idiopathic hydrocephalus.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Aqueduct stenosis has become the most frequent form of idiopathic hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus in obstruction of the foramen of Monroe, aqueduct, foramen of Magendie, and cisterns of the posterior cranial fossa was significantly more characteristic of young people (p &lt;0.05). Hydrocephalus with obstruction of convexital CSF spaces can be called hydrocephalus of the elderly (p &lt;0.001). Hydrocephalus without verified signs of occlusion CSF pathways occurs equally in all age groups. The FOHR index was significantly more important, and only in case of cisternal obstruction. Enlargement one or both lateral ventricles and flattening of the roof of the 3rd ventricle is characterized for Monro’s foramen obstruction (p &lt;0.001). The membrane at the outlet of the 4th ventricle and the absence of the “flow void” was typically only for patients with obstruction of the foramen of Magendie (p &lt;0.001). Ventral dislocation of the premamillary membrane was characteristic of obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct, the foramen of Magendie, and cisterns of the posterior cranial fossa. Compression of the convexital CSF spaces occurred in case of obstruction of the aqueduct, the foramen of Magendie, but CSF spaces of the posterior cranial fossa – only with obstruction of the foramen of Magendie. Dilation of the 4th ventricle was significantly associated with obstruction of the foramen of Magendie and cisterns of the posterior cranial fossa (p &lt;0.05). DESH symptom was significantly associated with obstruction of convexital CSF spaces (p &lt;0.001). Additional membranes in the cisterns of the posterior fossa were found only in cases of cisternal obstruction (p &lt;0.001). Cerebellar tonsils herniation was observed with obstruction of the foramen of Monroe, cerebral aqueduct, and foramina of Magendie.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Because of statistical analysis, general signs found in all types of hydrocephalus, and private ones, characterizing only specific signs of the type of the disease, both were found. The classification is logical and justified, it is well applicable in neurosurgical and radiological practice. It allows rational planning of diagnostic evaluation and treatment of patients. A modern magnetic resonance imaging protocol should include T2 scans (with “flow void”) and FIESTA/CISS scans in the required planes, axial FLAIR scans.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидроцефалия</kwd><kwd>идиопатическая гидроцефалия взрослых</kwd><kwd>классификация гидроцефалии</kwd><kwd>окклюзионная гидроцефалия</kwd><kwd>обструктивная гидроцефалия</kwd><kwd>отверстие Монро</kwd><kwd>водопровод мозга</kwd><kwd>отверстие Мажанди</kwd><kwd>нормотензивная гидроцефалия</kwd><kwd>арахноидальная цистерна</kwd><kwd>эндоскопическая тривентрикулостомия</kwd><kwd>вентрикулоперитонеальное  шунтирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrocephalus</kwd><kwd>idiopathic adult hydrocephalus</kwd><kwd>classification of hydrocephalus</kwd><kwd>occlusive hydrocephalus</kwd><kwd>obstructive hydrocephalus</kwd><kwd>foramen of Monroe</kwd><kwd>aqueduct of brain</kwd><kwd>foramen of Magendie</kwd><kwd>normal pressure hydrocephalus</kwd><kwd>arachnoid cistern</kwd><kwd>endoscopic third ventriculostomy</kwd><kwd>ventriculoperitoneal shunt</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mori K., Shimada J., Kurisaka M. et al. 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