neurosurgeryНейрохирургияRussian journal of neurosurgery1683-32952587-7569Издательский дом "МедИНК"10.17650/1683-3295-2022-24-3-80-89neurosurgery-1242Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWОрганизация и современное представление о речевой функции головного мозга: обзор литературыOrganization and current understanding of speech function of the brain: literature reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-0256ИсмаиловА. М.IsmailovA. M.

Исмаилов Алы Мехтиевич.

105203 Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70.

Aly M. Ismailov.

70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow 105203.

ismailov_am@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-1462ЗуевА. А.ZuevA. A.

105203 Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70.

70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow 105203.

ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияN.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation2022051020222438089Copyright © Исмаилов А.М., Зуев А.А., 20222022Исмаилов А.М., Зуев А.А.Ismailov A.M., Zuev A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1242Введение

Введение. История изучения речевой функции головного мозга простирается с середины XIX в. Первые исследования обнаружили корковые представительства речи в головном мозге, были предложены различные теории устройства речевой функции. Технологический прорыв XX в. дал возможность изучать не только корковые отделы речевой функции, но и сложные связи белого вещества, немаловажные для практической работы нейрохирургов. По мере углубленного изучения речи были пересмотрены старые теории, выдвинуты новые. Современные методы исследования раскрыли сложность организации речи, многофункциональность речевых трактов. 

Цель исследования - анализ и систематизация исторических и современных научных данных об организации речевой функции головного мозга, а также способов предоперационной оценки и интраоперационных методов идентификации речевых зон коры больших полушарий. 

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. В результате поиска данных в интернет-ресурсе PubMed для анализа отобрано 77 статей, опубликованных между 1954 и 2020 гг. 

Результаты

Результаты. Исследования особенностей работы речевой функции во множестве представлены в современной научной литературе, и число публикаций растет с каждым годом. Одни исследователи прицельно изучают работы конкретного аспекта речи: корковое представительство, конкретный речевой тракт. Другие - имеют дело с общими последствиями нарушения речи после удаления опухолей, инсультов, травм. Авторской группой проведены структурирование и систематизация многочисленных данных из разнородных источников информации. 

Заключение

Заключение. Речевая функция головного мозга - один из наиболее сложно организованных аспектов высшей нервной деятельности центральной нервной системы, изучение которого активно продолжается во всем мире. Внедрение таких революционных методов исследования, как интраоперационное картирование коры головного мозга, магнитно-резонансная трактография, привнесло обилие новой информации касательно морфофункциональных особенностей речевой функции. Необходимы дальнейшее изучение языковой функции головного мозга и систематизация полученных данных, более глубокое понимание тонких деталей работы речевого аппарата. Продвижение в этом направлении предоставит нейрохирургам возможность избегать нежелательного неврологического дефицита в области коммуникативной способности - одной из самых важных, улучшая тем самым качество жизни пациентов. 

Introduction

Introduction. History of study of speech function of the brain has started in the middle of the 19th century. First studies discovered cortical representations of speech in the brain, proposed different theories of speech function structure. Technological breakthroughs of the 20th century allowed to study not only cortical representations of speech function but also complex connections of the white matter important for practical work of neurosurgeons. Deeper studies of speech led to revisions of the old theories, proposals of new theories. Current study methods showed complexity of speech organization, multifunctionality of speech tracts.

Aim

Aim. To analyze and systemize historical and current scientific data on organization of speech function of the brain, as well as methods of preoperative evaluation and intraoperative techniques of identification of speech zones in the cerebral cortex.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. As a results of data search in the PubMed database, 77 articles published between 1954 and 2020 were selected.

Results

Results. Studies of characteristics of speech function are widely represented in current scientific literature, and their number grows every year. Some researchers study individual speech aspects: cortical representation, individual speech tracts. Others deal with general consequences of speech impediments after tumor resection, strokes, traumas. The authors cross-linked and systemized numerous data from different sources of information.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Speech function of the brain is one of the most complexly organized aspects of the higher nervous function, and it is being actively researched worldwide. Implementation of such revolutionary examination techniques as intraoperative mapping of the cerebral cortex, magnetic resonance tractography provided a plethora of new information on morphofunctional characteristics of speech function. Further studies of speech function of the brain and systematization of the obtained data are necessary for deeper understanding of the details of speech organs' functionality. Advances in this direction will help surgeons avoid unwanted neurological deficit in communication ability, one of the most important abilities, and improve patients' quality of life.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.