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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2022-24-2-78-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1201</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль хирургического лечения при метастатическом поражении позвоночника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surgical methods in management of metastatic spinal cord lesions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-9685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolaev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Юрьевич Ермолаев</p><p>603005, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1;</p><p>603028, Нижний Новгород, Московское шоссе, 144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 / 1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, 603005;</p><p>144 Moscow Hwy., Nizhny Novgorod, 603028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anton_ermolaeff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-4480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яриков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603001, Нижний Новгород, Нижневолжская наб., 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Niznevolzhskaya Emb., Nizhny Novgorod, 603001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-1022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алейник</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleynik</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 / 1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4796-1768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубских</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubskikh</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620036, Екатеринбург, ул. Соболева, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>29 Soboleva St., Yekaterinburg, 620036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-9515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603028, Нижний Новгород, Московское шоссе, 144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>144 Moscow Hwy., Nizhny Novgorod, 603028</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перльмуттер</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perlmutter</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603028, Нижний Новгород, Московское шоссе, 144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>144 Moscow Hwy., Nizhny Novgorod, 603028</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1370-3904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603001, Нижний Новгород, Нижневолжская наб., 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Niznevolzhskaya Emb., Nizhny Novgorod, 603001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-9841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolaeva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603126, Нижний Новгород, ул. Деловая, 11 / 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11 / 1 Delovaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фраерман</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fraerman</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603028, Нижний Новгород, Московское шоссе, 144</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>144 Moscow Hwy., Nizhny Novgorod, 603028</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ Нижегородской области «Городская клиническая больница № 39»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University; City Clinical Hospital № 39</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Приволжский окружной медицинский центр» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky District Medical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ Свердловской области «Свердловский областной онкологический диспансер»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sverdlovsk Regional Oncological Dispensary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Нижегородской области «Городская клиническая больница № 39»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital № 39</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Нижегородский областной клинический онкологический диспансер» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермолаев А.Ю., Яриков А.В., Алейник А.Я., Дубских А.О., Смирнов И.И., Перльмуттер О.А., Соснин А.Г., Ермолаева А.М., Фраерман А.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермолаев А.Ю., Яриков А.В., Алейник А.Я., Дубских А.О., Смирнов И.И., Перльмуттер О.А., Соснин А.Г., Ермолаева А.М., Фраерман А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermolaev A.Y., Yarikov A.V., Aleynik A.Y., Dubskikh A.O., Smirnov I.I., Perlmutter O.A., Sosnin A.G., Ermolaeva A.M., Fraerman A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1201">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1201</self-uri><abstract><p>Злокачественные новообразования сохраняют лидирующие позиции среди причин смертности в мире. Позвоночник чаще других костей скелета становится мишенью для метастазирования. В данной статье представлены результаты обзора литературы. Подробно изложены принципы диагностики, лечения и клиническая картина вторичного поражения позвоночного столба. Описаны варианты болевого синдрома, связанного как непосредственно с опухолевым поражением, так и с компрессией нервных структур, нестабильностью позвоночника и патологическими переломами. Подробно описаны причины и паттерны каждого вида болевого синдрома. Рассмотрены применяемые для прогноза продолжительности жизни пациентов с метастатическим поражением позвоночника шкалы Tokuhashi, Tomita и Bauer и проведено сравнение их эффективности. Подробно изложены критерии отбора таких пациентов для хирургического лечения. Представлены современные методы хирургического лечения вторичного поражения позвоночного столба: паллиативные, субтотальные, тотальные (en-block-резекции). Рассмотрены показания и противопоказания для каждого вида хирургического лечения. Описаны методики интраоперационного гемостаза. Особое внимание уделено предоперационной эмболизации опухоли, детальное – ошибкам и осложнениям данной методики. Отражена корреляционная зависимость объема интраоперационной кровопотери от сроков проведения эмболизации. Исследованы тенденции развития оперативных методов при метастатических опухолях позвоночника.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Malignant neoplasms remain the leading cause of death worldwide. The spine is a target for metastasis more often than other skeletal bones. This article details the principles of diagnosis, treatment, and the clinical picture of secondarylesions of the spinal column. The causes of pain syndrome in cancerous lesions of the spine are reviewed: compression of nerve structures, pathological fractures, spinal instability, lytic foci and paraneoplastic pain syndrome. The causes and patterns of each type of pain syndrome are described in detail. The article presents the scales used to predict the life expectancy of these patients: Tokuhashi, Tomita and Bauer. The effectiveness of these scales is compared. The selection criteria for surgical treatment of patients with metastatic lesions of the spine are described in detail. Modern methods of surgical treatment of secondary lesions of the spinal column are presented: palliative, subtotal, total (enblock resections). The indications and contraindications for each type of surgical treatment are described. Methods of intraoperative hemostasis are described, with the special attention given to preoperative tumor embolization. The errors and complications of this technique are described in detail. The correlation dependence of intraoperative blood loss volume on the embolization terms is presented. Modern trends in the development of surgical methods in metastatic spinal tumors are described in conclusion.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шкала Tokuhashi</kwd><kwd>en-block-резекция по Tomita</kwd><kwd>вертебропластика</kwd><kwd>метастатические опухоли позвоночника</kwd><kwd>шкала Bauer</kwd><kwd>шкала Tomita</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Tokuhashi Scale</kwd><kwd>en-block Tomita resection</kwd><kwd>vertebroplasty</kwd><kwd>metastatic spinal tumors</kwd><kwd>Bauer Scale</kwd><kwd>Tomita Scale</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2020 году. Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, А.О. Старинского, А.О. Шахзадовой. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. 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