<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2021-24-1-38-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1169</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод количественной оценки объема и структуры посттравматических образований в спинном мозге животных моделей с применением магнитно‑резонансной томографии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The method of quantitative assessment of posttraumatic spinal cord injury volume and structure in animal models using magnetic resonance tomography</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3792-1682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ядгаров</surname><given-names>М. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yadgarov</surname><given-names>M. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Яковлевич Ядгаров</p><p>Россия, 121552 Москва, ул. 3‑я Черепковская, 15а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yakovlevich Yadgarov</p><p>15a 3rd Cherepkovskaya St., Moscow 121552, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhail.yadgarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-1087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 121552 Москва, ул. 3‑я Черепковская, 15а</p><p>Россия, 129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15a 3rd Cherepkovskaya St., Moscow 121552, Russia</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-8122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базанович</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazanovich</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 121552 Москва, ул. 3‑я Черепковская, 15а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15a 3rd Cherepkovskaya St., Moscow 121552, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-8551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 121552 Москва, ул. 3‑я Черепковская, 15а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15a 3rd Cherepkovskaya St., Moscow 121552, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-7180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 111398 Москва, ул. Кусковская, 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1а Kuskovskaya St., Moscow 111398, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-7897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чехонин</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekhonin</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3515-8329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринь</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 129090 Москва, Б. Сухаревская пл., 3</p><p>Россия, 111398 Москва, ул. Кусковская, 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090, Russia</p><p>1а Kuskovskaya St., Moscow 111398, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ кардиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ кардиологии» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н. В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of Russia; N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клинический медицинский центр «Кусково», ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А. И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Medical Center «Kuskovo», A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н. В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; Клинический медицинский центр «Кусково», ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А. И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Healthcare Department; Clinical Medical Center «Kuskovo», A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ядгаров М.Я., Смирнов В.А., Базанович С.А., Рябов С.И., Григорьева Е.В., Чехонин В.П., Гринь А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ядгаров М.Я., Смирнов В.А., Базанович С.А., Рябов С.И., Григорьева Е.В., Чехонин В.П., Гринь А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yadgarov M.Y., Smirnov V.A., Bazanovich S.A., Ryabov S.I., Grigorieva E.V., Chekhonin V.P., Grin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1169">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1169</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Травма спинного мозга – тяжелое повреждение ЦНС, приводящее к разрушению ткани спинного мозга и развитию грубого неврологического дефицита. В доклинических исследованиях точная количественная оценка структуры и объема посттравматических изменений в спинном мозге важна для оценки эффективности нейропротективной и (или) нейрорегенеративной терапии. Существующие методы расчета параметров объемных образований в спинном мозге связаны с необходимостью ручного выделения области интереса, а это трудоемкий и далеко не всегда точный процесс.</p><p>Цели исследования – разработать программное обеспечение и реализовать автоматизированный алгоритм количественной оценки объема и структуры посттравматических образований в спинном мозге с применением высокопольной МРТ 7.0 Тесла, а также сравнить точность метода с существующими способами расчета.</p></sec><sec><title>Дизайн исследования</title><p>Дизайн исследования. В исследовании использовали модель контузионной травмы спинного мозга тяжелой степени у самок крыс Sprague–Dawley весом 250–350 г. Магнитно‑резонансное исследование проводили на 1‑е сутки после нанесения травмы, а в дальнейшем – четырехкратно с интервалом в 1 нед.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Повреждение спинного мозга вызывалось падением стержня (вес – 10 г, диаметр вершины – 2 мм) с высоты 25 мм на дорсальную поверхность спинного мозга у наркотизированных крыс на уровне позвонков Th9–Th10 после проведения ламинэктомии. Для разработки программного обеспечения использована среда Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 с языком программирования C#. Статистическая обработка данных проведена с использованием программы IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработана и запатентована программа Spinal cavity Searcher, реализующая алгоритм анализа T2‑взвешенных изображений, основанный на применении бинаризации и метода цепного кода Фридмана, и позволяющая в полуавтоматическом режиме рассчитывать объем посттравматических образований в спинном мозге крыс. Сравнение результатов расчета, полученных с помощью данного алгоритма и методом «ручного» выделения области интереса, не показало статистически значимых различий в значениях объема контузионного очага.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенный метод количественной оценки структуры и объема посттравматических образований в спинном мозге животных моделей позволяет существенно упростить (по сравнению с ручным методом) процедуру расчета за счет автоматизации процесса выделения области интереса (Region of Interest – RoI) при сопоставимом уровне точности.</p></sec><sec><title>Клиническая значимость</title><p>Клиническая значимость. Разработанный алгоритм позволяет оптимизировать процесс неинвазивного контроля эффективности проводимой терапии по данным высокопольной МРТ 7.0 Тесла.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Spinal cord injury is a debilitating traumatic event in central nervous system resulting in tissue destruction and severe neurological deficit development. Preclinical assessment of quantitative lesion area parameters (e. g. structure and volume) is critical for subsequent evaluation of neuroprotective and / or neuroregenerative therapy efficiency. Current methods for parameter calculation require manual limitation of the interested area (region of interest, RoI). This process is tedious and often not precise enough.</p><p>Study objective is to develop and implement software for automated assessment of volume and structure of posttraumatic spinal cord lesion using extra-high-field MRI 7.0 Tesla and to compare methods preciseness with the current manual techniques.</p></sec><sec><title>Study design</title><p>Study design. Ten rat models of acute severe spinal cord contusion injury were used including female Sprague–Dawley animals weighting 250–350 gr. MRI imaging was performed in 1 day postoperative and then 4 times with interval (1 week). Study was prospective open-label uncontrolled comparative.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Standard spinal cord contusion injury model was used. Anesthetized animals underwent laminectomy at level Th9–Th10 vertebrae followed by “weight drop” injury technique application: 10 g weight with 2 mm pin diameter dropped from 25 mm height. Software was developed using Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 environment and programming language C#. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We developed and patented specialized software Spinal cavity Searcher realizing the algorithm of T2‑weighted images (T2‑WI) analysis based on image bynarization and Freeman chain code. This algorithm supports calculation of spinal cord posttraumatic lesion parameters in a half-automatic manner. Results of this algorithm application were comparable to results of manual calculation: no statistical difference were observed between two values.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Current method of spinal cord injury volume and structure quantitative assessment simplifies the calculation procedure due to automatization of RoI limitation comparing to manual technique. The level of preciseness is comparable in both methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Clinical relevance</title><p>Clinical relevance. The developed algorithm optimizes the process of non-invasive control of the performed treatment efficiency according to 7.0 Tesla MRI data.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>травма спинного мозга</kwd><kwd>компьютерный анализ медицинских изображений</kwd><kwd>магнитно‑резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>посттравматические изменения</kwd><kwd>животные модели</kwd><kwd>программное обеспечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal cord injury</kwd><kwd>medical images computed analysis</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>posttraumatic lesion</kwd><kwd>animal models</kwd><kwd>software</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Tang Y., Vogel L.C., Devivo M.J. Causes of spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2013;19(1):1–8. DOI: 10.1310/sci1901-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Tang Y., Vogel L.C., Devivo M.J. Causes of spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2013;19(1):1–8. DOI: 10.1310/sci1901-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva N.A., Sousa N., Reis R.L., Salgado A.J. From basics to clinical: a comprehensive review on spinal cord injury. Prog Neurobiol 2014;114:25–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva N.A., Sousa N., Reis R.L., Salgado A.J. From basics to clinical: a comprehensive review on spinal cord injury. Prog Neurobiol 2014;114:25–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryabov S.I., Zvyagintseva M.A., Pavlovich E.R. et al. Efficiency of transplantation of human placental/ umbilical blood cells to rats with severe spinal cord injury. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014;157(1):85–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2498-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryabov S.I., Zvyagintseva M.A., Pavlovich E.R. et al. Efficiency of transplantation of human placental/ umbilical blood cells to rats with severe spinal cord injury. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014;157(1):85–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2498-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ditor D.S., John S., Cakiroglu J. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging versus histological assessment for estimation of lesion volume after experimental spinal cord injury. Laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg Spine 2008;9(3):301–6. DOI: 10.3171/SPI/2008/9/9/301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ditor D.S., John S., Cakiroglu J. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging versus histological assessment for estimation of lesion volume after experimental spinal cord injury. Laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg Spine 2008;9(3):301–6. DOI: 10.3171/SPI/2008/9/9/301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozzo A., Marcoux J., Radhakrishna M. et al. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of acute spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2011;28(8):1401–11. DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozzo A., Marcoux J., Radhakrishna M. et al. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of acute spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2011;28(8):1401–11. DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byrnes K.R., Fricke S.T., Faden A.I. Neuropathological differences between rats and mice after spinal cord injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010;32(4):836–46. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byrnes K.R., Fricke S.T., Faden A.I. Neuropathological differences between rats and mice after spinal cord injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010;32(4):836–46. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song W., Song G., Zhaoet C. al. Testing pathological variation of white matter tract in adult rats after severe spinal cord injury with MRI. BioMed Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:4068156. DOI: 10.1155/2018/4068156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song W., Song G., Zhaoet C. al. Testing pathological variation of white matter tract in adult rats after severe spinal cord injury with MRI. BioMed Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:4068156. DOI: 10.1155/2018/4068156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basso D.M., Beattie M.S., Bresnahan J.C. A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J Neurotrauma 1995;12(1):1–21. DOI: 10.1089/neu.1995.12.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basso D.M., Beattie M.S., Bresnahan J.C. A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J Neurotrauma 1995;12(1):1–21. DOI: 10.1089/neu.1995.12.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaddi R.S., Boggavarapu L.N.P., Vankayalapati H.D., Anne K.R. Contour detection using freeman chain code and approximation methods for the real time object detection. AJCST 2011;1(1):15–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaddi R.S., Boggavarapu L.N.P., Vankayalapati H.D., Anne K.R. Contour detection using freeman chain code and approximation methods for the real time object detection. AJCST 2011;1(1):15–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vala H.J., Baxi A. A review on Otsu image segmentation algorithm. IJARCET 2013;2(2):387–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vala H.J., Baxi A. A review on Otsu image segmentation algorithm. IJARCET 2013;2(2):387–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
