neurosurgeryНейрохирургияRussian journal of neurosurgery1683-32952587-7569Издательский дом "МедИНК"10.17650/1683-3295-2021-23-4-111-120neurosurgery-1126Research ArticleЛЕКЦИЯLECTUREРеваскуляризация головного мозга путем создания анастомоза между поверхностной височной артерией и средней мозговой артериейSuperficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass for flow augmentationBramR.BramR.

Richard Bram  

912 South Wood Street, MC-799 Chicago, Illinois, 60612

Richard Bram 

912 South Wood Street, MC-799 Chicago, Illinois, 60612

richard.bram92@gmail.comKochM.KochM.

912 South Wood Street, MC-799 Chicago, Illinois, 60612

912 South Wood Street, MC-799 Chicago, Illinois, 60612

CharbelF.CharbelF.

912 South Wood Street, MC-799 Chicago, Illinois, 60612

912 South Wood Street, MC-799 Chicago, Illinois, 60612

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at ChicagoСоединённые Штаты АмерикиDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at ChicagoUnited States202118012022234111120Copyright © Bram R., Koch M., Charbel F., 20222022Bram R., Koch M., Charbel F.Bram R., Koch M., Charbel F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1126

В настоящей статье подробно рассмотрена методика реваскуляризации артерий головного мозга с помощью создания анастомоза между поверхностной височной артерией (ПВА) и средней мозговой артерией (СМА). Представлен краткий обзор 2 категорий церебральных шунтов, а также патологий, которые могут быть скорректированы с помощью этих методик. Обсуждены важные исследования, посвященные изучению шунтирования ПВА-СМА. Также описан процесс отбора пациентов, акцентируется внимание на необходимости оценки их гемодинамических показателей с помощью неинвазивных количественных методов визуализации. Подробно описана техника реваскуляризации на соответствующем клиническом примере с последующим обсуждением возможных осложнений и будущих направлений развития методики.

In the lecture to follow, we provide an in-depth review of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass for flow augmentation. We begin with a brief review of the two broad categories of cerebral bypasses as well and the relevant pathologies treated. We then discuss some important landmark trials on the subject of STA-MCA bypass. Next, we focus on patient selection with an emphasis on hemodynamic assessment using non-invasive quantitative imaging methods. Revascularization technique is then described with a corresponding case example and a subsequent discussion on complications and future directions.

шунтированиецеребральная реваскуляризацияувеличение кровотокаэкстра-интракраниальный микроанастомозbypasscerebral revascularizationflow augmentationextracranial-intracranial microanastomosisReferencesKochanek K.D., Murphy S.L., Xu J. et al. Mortality in the United States. NCHS Data Brief 2017;293:1–8.Kochanek K.D., Murphy S.L., Xu J. et al. Mortality in the United States. NCHS Data Brief 2017;293:1–8.Mozaffarian D., Benjamin E.J., Go A.S. et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016;133(4):e38–360. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350.Mozaffarian D., Benjamin E.J., Go A.S. et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016;133(4):e38–360. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350.Hankey G.J., Warlow C.P. Prognosis of symptomatic carotid artery occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis 1991;1:245–56. DOI: 10.1159/000108851.Hankey G.J., Warlow C.P. Prognosis of symptomatic carotid artery occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis 1991;1:245–56. DOI: 10.1159/000108851.Klijn C.J.M., Kappelle L.J., Tulleken C.A.F. et al. Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion. A reappraisal of hemodynamic factors. Stroke 1997;28(10):2084–93. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.28.10.2084.Klijn C.J.M., Kappelle L.J., Tulleken C.A.F. et al. Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion. A reappraisal of hemodynamic factors. Stroke 1997;28(10):2084–93. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.28.10.2084.Carrel A. The Surgery of Blood Vessels. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1907;190:18–28.Carrel A. The Surgery of Blood Vessels. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1907;190:18–28.Woringer E., Kunlin J. Anastomosis between the common carotid and the intracranial carotid or the sylvian fissure artery by a graft, using the suspended suture technique. Neurochirugie 1963;9:181–8.Woringer E., Kunlin J. Anastomosis between the common carotid and the intracranial carotid or the sylvian fissure artery by a graft, using the suspended suture technique. Neurochirugie 1963;9:181–8.Donaghy R.P.M., Yasargil M.G. Extraintracranial blood flow diversion. Ann Meet Am Assoc Neurol Surg 1968.Donaghy R.P.M., Yasargil M.G. Extraintracranial blood flow diversion. Ann Meet Am Assoc Neurol Surg 1968.Spetzler R., Chater N. Occipital artery – middle cerebral artery anastomosis for cerebral artery occlusive disease. Surg Neurol 1974;2(4):235–8.Spetzler R., Chater N. Occipital artery – middle cerebral artery anastomosis for cerebral artery occlusive disease. Surg Neurol 1974;2(4):235–8.Ausman J., Lee M., Chater N., Latchaw R.E. Superficial temporal artery to superior cerebellar artery anastomosis for distal basilar artery stenosis. Surg Neurol 1979;12(4):277–82.Ausman J., Lee M., Chater N., Latchaw R.E. Superficial temporal artery to superior cerebellar artery anastomosis for distal basilar artery stenosis. Surg Neurol 1979;12(4):277–82.Ausman J., Nicoloff D., Chou S. Posterior fossa revascularization: anastomosis of vertebral artery to PICA with interposed radial artery graft. Surg Neurol 1978;9(5):281–6.Ausman J., Nicoloff D., Chou S. Posterior fossa revascularization: anastomosis of vertebral artery to PICA with interposed radial artery graft. Surg Neurol 1978;9(5):281–6.Sundt T.M., Campbell J.K., Houser O.W. Transpositions and anastomoses between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 1981;55:967–70. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1981.55.6.0967.Sundt T.M., Campbell J.K., Houser O.W. Transpositions and anastomoses between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 1981;55:967–70. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1981.55.6.0967.Charbel F.T., Guppy K.H., Ausman J.L. Cerebral revascularization: superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery anastomosis. In: Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques. Eds.: L. Sekhar, R. Fessler. Germany: Thieme, 2006.Charbel F.T., Guppy K.H., Ausman J.L. Cerebral revascularization: superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery anastomosis. In: Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques. Eds.: L. Sekhar, R. Fessler. Germany: Thieme, 2006.Amin-Hanjani S., Alaraj A., Charbel F.T. Flow replacement bypass for aneurysms: decision-making using intraoperative blood flow measurements. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010;152:1021–32. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-010-0635-4.Amin-Hanjani S., Alaraj A., Charbel F.T. Flow replacement bypass for aneurysms: decision-making using intraoperative blood flow measurements. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010;152:1021–32. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-010-0635-4.Dare A.O., Gibbons K..J, Gillihan M.D. et al. Hypotensive endovascular test occlusion of the carotid artery in head and neck cancer. Neurosurg Focus 2003;14:1–4. DOI 10.3171/foc.2003.14.3.6.Dare A.O., Gibbons K..J, Gillihan M.D. et al. Hypotensive endovascular test occlusion of the carotid artery in head and neck cancer. Neurosurg Focus 2003;14:1–4. DOI 10.3171/foc.2003.14.3.6.Linskey M.E., Jungreis C.A., Yonas H. et al. Stroke risk after abrupt internal carotid artery sacrifice: accuracy of preoperative assessment with balloon test occlusion and stable xenon-enhanced CT. Am J Neuroradiol 1994;15(5):829–46.Linskey M.E., Jungreis C.A., Yonas H. et al. Stroke risk after abrupt internal carotid artery sacrifice: accuracy of preoperative assessment with balloon test occlusion and stable xenon-enhanced CT. Am J Neuroradiol 1994;15(5):829–46.EC/IC Bypass Study Group. Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial. N Engl J Med 1985;313(19):1191–200. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198511073131904.EC/IC Bypass Study Group. Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial. N Engl J Med 1985;313(19):1191–200. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198511073131904.Ausman J.I., Diaz F.G. Critique of the extracranial-intracranial bypass study. Surg Neurol 1986;26:218–21. DOI: 10.1016/0090-3019(86)90152-7.Ausman J.I., Diaz F.G. Critique of the extracranial-intracranial bypass study. Surg Neurol 1986;26:218–21. DOI: 10.1016/0090-3019(86)90152-7.Awad I.A., Spetzler R.F. Extracranialintracranial bypass surgery: a critical analysis in light of the international cooperative study. Neurosurgery 1986;19:655–64. DOI: 10.1227/00006123-198610000-00028.Awad I.A., Spetzler R.F. Extracranialintracranial bypass surgery: a critical analysis in light of the international cooperative study. Neurosurgery 1986;19:655–64. DOI: 10.1227/00006123-198610000-00028.Amin-Hanjani S., Barker F.G., Charbel F.T. et al. Extracranialintracranial bypass for stroke. Is this the end of the line or a bump in the road? Neurosurgery 2012;71:557–61. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182621488.Amin-Hanjani S., Barker F.G., Charbel F.T. et al. Extracranialintracranial bypass for stroke. Is this the end of the line or a bump in the road? Neurosurgery 2012;71:557–61. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182621488.Baron J.C., Bousser M.G., Rey A. et al. Reversal of focal “misery-perfusion syndrome” by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia a case study with 15O positron emission tomography. Stroke 1981;12:454–9. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.12.4.454.Baron J.C., Bousser M.G., Rey A. et al. Reversal of focal “misery-perfusion syndrome” by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia a case study with 15O positron emission tomography. Stroke 1981;12:454–9. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.12.4.454.Webster M.W., Makaroun M.S., Steed D.L. et al. Compromised cerebral blood flow reactivity is a predictor of stroke in patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 1995;21:338–45. DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70274-1.Webster M.W., Makaroun M.S., Steed D.L. et al. Compromised cerebral blood flow reactivity is a predictor of stroke in patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 1995;21:338–45. DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70274-1.Grubb R.L., Derdeyn C.P., Fritsch S.M. et al. Importance of hemodynamic factors in the prognosis of symptomatic carotid occlusion. J Am Med Assoc 1998;280:1055–60. DOI: 10.1001/jama.280.12.1055.Grubb R.L., Derdeyn C.P., Fritsch S.M. et al. Importance of hemodynamic factors in the prognosis of symptomatic carotid occlusion. J Am Med Assoc 1998;280:1055–60. DOI: 10.1001/jama.280.12.1055.Yamauchi H., Fukuyama H., Nagahama Y. et al. Evidence of misery perfusion and risk for recurrent stroke in major cerebral arterial occlusive diseases from PET. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 61:18–25. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.61.1.18.Yamauchi H., Fukuyama H., Nagahama Y. et al. Evidence of misery perfusion and risk for recurrent stroke in major cerebral arterial occlusive diseases from PET. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 61:18–25. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.61.1.18.Amin-Hanjani S., Butler W.E., Ogilvy C.S. et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass in the treatment of occlusive cerebrovascular disease and intracranial aneurysms in the United States between 1992 and 2001: a population-based study. J Neurosurg 2005;103:794–804. DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.103.5.0794.Amin-Hanjani S., Butler W.E., Ogilvy C.S. et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass in the treatment of occlusive cerebrovascular disease and intracranial aneurysms in the United States between 1992 and 2001: a population-based study. J Neurosurg 2005;103:794–804. DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.103.5.0794.Powers W.J., Clarke W.R., Grubb R.L. et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia: the carotid occlusion surgery study randomized trial. JAMA 2011;306:1983–92. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1610.Powers W.J., Clarke W.R., Grubb R.L. et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia: the carotid occlusion surgery study randomized trial. JAMA 2011;306:1983–92. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1610.Esposito G., Amin-Hanjani S., Regli L. Role of and indications for bypass surgery after Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS)? Stroke 2016;47:282–90. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.008220.Esposito G., Amin-Hanjani S., Regli L. Role of and indications for bypass surgery after Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS)? Stroke 2016;47:282–90. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.008220.Scott R.M., Smith E.R. Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. N Engl J Med 2009;361:97–8. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra0804622.Scott R.M., Smith E.R. Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. N Engl J Med 2009;361:97–8. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra0804622.Gross B.A., Du R. The natural history of moyamoya in a North American adult cohort. J Clin Neurosci 2013;20:44–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.08.002.Gross B.A., Du R. The natural history of moyamoya in a North American adult cohort. J Clin Neurosci 2013;20:44–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.08.002.Kuroda S., Ishikawa T., Houkin K. et al. Incidence and clinical features of disease progression in adult moyamoya disease. Stroke 2005;36:2148–53. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000182256.32489.99.Kuroda S., Ishikawa T., Houkin K. et al. Incidence and clinical features of disease progression in adult moyamoya disease. Stroke 2005;36:2148–53. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000182256.32489.99.Scott R.M., Smith J.L., Robertson R.L. et al. Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis. J Neurosurg 2004;100:142–9. DOI: 10.3171/ped.2004.100.2.0142.Scott R.M., Smith J.L., Robertson R.L. et al. Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis. J Neurosurg 2004;100:142–9. DOI: 10.3171/ped.2004.100.2.0142.Choi J.H., Mast H., Sciacca R.R. et al. Clinical outcome after first and recurrent hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation. Stroke 2006;37(5):1243–7. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000217970.18319.7d.Choi J.H., Mast H., Sciacca R.R. et al. Clinical outcome after first and recurrent hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation. Stroke 2006;37(5):1243–7. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000217970.18319.7d.Fung L.W.E., Thompson D., Ganesan V. Revascularisation surgery for paediatric moyamoya: a review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2005;21(5):358–64. DOI: 10.1007/s00381-004-1118-9.Fung L.W.E., Thompson D., Ganesan V. Revascularisation surgery for paediatric moyamoya: a review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2005;21(5):358–64. DOI: 10.1007/s00381-004-1118-9.Miyamoto S., Yoshimoto T., Hashimoto N. et al. Effects of extracranial-intracranial bypass for patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: results of the Japan adult moyamoya trial. Stroke 2014;45:1415–21. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.004386Miyamoto S., Yoshimoto T., Hashimoto N. et al. Effects of extracranial-intracranial bypass for patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: results of the Japan adult moyamoya trial. Stroke 2014;45:1415–21. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.004386Bao X.Y., Duan L., Li D.S. et al. Clinical features, surgical treatment and long-term outcome in adult patients with moyamoya disease in China. Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;34:305–13. DOI: 10.1159/000343225.Bao X.Y., Duan L., Li D.S. et al. Clinical features, surgical treatment and long-term outcome in adult patients with moyamoya disease in China. Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;34:305–13. DOI: 10.1159/000343225.Batjer H., Samson D. Use of extracranialintracranial bypass in the management of symptomatic vasospasm. Neurosurgery 1986;19:235–346. DOI: 10.1227/00006123-198608000-00009.Batjer H., Samson D. Use of extracranialintracranial bypass in the management of symptomatic vasospasm. Neurosurgery 1986;19:235–346. DOI: 10.1227/00006123-198608000-00009.Diaz F.G., Ausman J.I., Mehta B. et al. Acute cerebral revascularization. J Neurosurg 1985;63:200–9. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1985.63.2.0200.Diaz F.G., Ausman J.I., Mehta B. et al. Acute cerebral revascularization. J Neurosurg 1985;63:200–9. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1985.63.2.0200.Barnett H. Delayed cerebral ischemic episodes distal to occlusion of major cerebral arteries. Neurology 1978;28:769–74. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.28.8.769.Barnett H. Delayed cerebral ischemic episodes distal to occlusion of major cerebral arteries. Neurology 1978;28:769–74. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.28.8.769.Derdeyn C.P., Chimowitz M.I., Lynn M.J. et al. Stenting and aggressive medical management for preventing recurrent stroke in intracranial stenosis trial investigators. Aggressive medical treatment with or without stenting in highrisk patients with intracranial artery stenosis (SAMMPRIS): the final results of a randomised trial. Lancet 2014;383(9914):333–41. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62038-3.Derdeyn C.P., Chimowitz M.I., Lynn M.J. et al. Stenting and aggressive medical management for preventing recurrent stroke in intracranial stenosis trial investigators. Aggressive medical treatment with or without stenting in highrisk patients with intracranial artery stenosis (SAMMPRIS): the final results of a randomised trial. Lancet 2014;383(9914):333–41. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62038-3.Reynolds M.R., Derdeyn C.P., Grubb R.L. et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. What have we learned from the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study? Neurosurg Focus 2014;36:1–7. DOI: 10.3171/2013.10.FOCUS13427.Reynolds M.R., Derdeyn C.P., Grubb R.L. et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. What have we learned from the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study? Neurosurg Focus 2014;36:1–7. DOI: 10.3171/2013.10.FOCUS13427.Ashley W.W., Amin-Hanjani S., Alaraj A. et al. Flow-assisted surgical cerebral revascularization. Neurosurg Focus 2008;24:1–12. DOI: 10.3171/FOC/2008/24/2/E20.Ashley W.W., Amin-Hanjani S., Alaraj A. et al. Flow-assisted surgical cerebral revascularization. Neurosurg Focus 2008;24:1–12. DOI: 10.3171/FOC/2008/24/2/E20.Zhao M., Charbel F.T., Alperin N. et al. Improved phase-contrast flow quantification by three-dimensional vessel localization. Magn Reson Imaging 2000;18:697–706. DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(00)00157-0.Zhao M., Charbel F.T., Alperin N. et al. Improved phase-contrast flow quantification by three-dimensional vessel localization. Magn Reson Imaging 2000;18:697–706. DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(00)00157-0.Brisman J.L., Pile-Spellman J., Konstas A.A. Clinical utility of quantitative magnetic resonance angiography in the assessment of the underlying pathophysiology in a variety of cerebrovascular disorders. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:298–302. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.12.079.Brisman J.L., Pile-Spellman J., Konstas A.A. Clinical utility of quantitative magnetic resonance angiography in the assessment of the underlying pathophysiology in a variety of cerebrovascular disorders. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:298–302. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.12.079.Zhao M., Amin-Hanjani S., Ruland S. et al. Regional cerebral blood flow using quantitative MR angiography. Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1470–3. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0582.Zhao M., Amin-Hanjani S., Ruland S. et al. Regional cerebral blood flow using quantitative MR angiography. Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1470–3. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0582.Amin-Hanjani S., Charbel F.T. Flow-assisted surgical technique in cerebrovascular surgery. Surg Neurol 2007;68:4–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2007.07.051.Amin-Hanjani S., Charbel F.T. Flow-assisted surgical technique in cerebrovascular surgery. Surg Neurol 2007;68:4–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2007.07.051.Amin-Hanjani S., Du X., Mlinarevich N. et al. The cut flow index: an intraoperative predictor of the success of extracranialintracranial bypass for occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Neurosurgery 2005;56:75–85. DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000143032.35416.41.Amin-Hanjani S., Du X., Mlinarevich N. et al. The cut flow index: an intraoperative predictor of the success of extracranialintracranial bypass for occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Neurosurgery 2005;56:75–85. DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000143032.35416.41.Stapleton C.J., Atwal G.S., Hussein A.E. et al. The cut flow index revisited: utility of intraoperative blood flow measurements in extracranialintracranial bypass surgery for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. J Neurosurg 2019;1–5. DOI:10.3171/2019.5.JNS19641.Stapleton C.J., Atwal G.S., Hussein A.E. et al. The cut flow index revisited: utility of intraoperative blood flow measurements in extracranialintracranial bypass surgery for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. J Neurosurg 2019;1–5. DOI:10.3171/2019.5.JNS19641.Amin-Hanjani S., Shin J.H., Zhao M. et al. Evaluation of extracranialintracranial bypass using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography. J Neurosurg 2007;106:291–8. DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.2.291.Amin-Hanjani S., Shin J.H., Zhao M. et al. Evaluation of extracranialintracranial bypass using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography. J Neurosurg 2007;106:291–8. DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.2.291.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.