neurosurgeryНейрохирургияRussian journal of neurosurgery1683-32952587-7569Издательский дом "МедИНК"10.17650/1683-3295-2021-23-4-87-98neurosurgery-1124Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWГлиомы высокой степени злокачественности: обзор литературы. Часть 2. Радиохирургическое лечениеHigh-grade gliomas: a literature review. Part 2. Radiosurgical treatmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1042-0837ГрецкихК. В.GretskikhK. V.

Константин Валерьевич Грецких  

129090 Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., 3

Konstantin Valerievich Gretskikh 

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

mail@rssklif.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-5602ТокаревА. С.TokarevA. S.

129090 Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., 3

3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Sq., Moscow 129090

ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»РоссияN.F. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Healthcare DepartmentRussian Federation2021180120222348798Copyright © Грецких К.В., Токарев А.С., 20222022Грецких К.В., Токарев А.С.Gretskikh K.V., Tokarev A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1124

Злокачественные опухоли головного мозга остаются одной из самых сложных проблем в современной онкологии, относясь к числу наиболее опасных видов рака не только из-за плохого прогноза, но и из-за непосредственных последствий для качества жизни и когнитивных функций. Ожидается, что число таких больных будет увеличиваться по мере роста продолжительности жизни населения.Летальность пациентов со злокачественными глиомами остается самой высокой среди пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями. Медиана выживаемости этих больных не превышает 24,5 мес. Несмотря на то что молекулярная биология серьезно продвинулась в изучении данного типа опухолей, остается открытым вопрос об эффективном применении накопленных знаний в лечебном процессе.В обзоре освещены передовые методы диагностики, проводится анализ эффективности мультидисциплинарного лечебного подхода. Особое внимание уделено поиску новых подходов к радиохирургическому лечению глиом высокой степени злокачественности, способному увеличить продолжительность жизни пациентов и улучшить ее качество.Обзор разделен на 2 части. В 1-й части освещаются эпидемиология, клиника и диагностика глиом высокой степени злокачественности, а также комбинированный подход к лечению заболевания. Во 2-й части рассмотрены вопросы стереотаксической радиохирургии глиом высокой степени злокачественности, особенности практического применения установки «гамма-нож» при данной патологии; анализируется эффективность мультимодального подхода к лечению злокачественных глиом.

Malignant brain tumors remain one of the most complex problem in modern oncology, being among the most dangerous types of cancer not only because of their poor prognosis, but also due to the immediate consequences for quality of life and cognitive functions. It is expected that the number of such patients will increase as the life expectancy of the population increases.The mortality rate of patients with malignant gliomas remains the highest among all cancer patients. The median survival rate in this population does not exceed 24.5 months. Despite serious progress in the study of the molecular biology of this type of tumor, the question of effective application of this knowledge in the treatment process remains open.The review highlights the most advanced diagnostic methods and analyzes the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy. Special attention is given to the search for new approaches to radiosurgical treatment of high-grade gliomas in order to increase the duration and improve the quality of life of patients. The literature review is divided into 2 parts. Part 1 covers the epidemiology, clinic, and diagnosis of high-grade gliomas, as well as a combined approach to the treatment of the disease. In the 2nd part, the issues of stereotactic radiosurgery of high-grade gliomas, the features of the practical application of the “gamma knife” device in this pathology are highlighted; the effectiveness of the multimodal approach to the treatment of malignant gliomas is analyzed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.