<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2021-23-3-75-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1080</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FROM PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности TLIF/PLIF при аномалиях нерв‑ ных корешков поясничного отдела позвоночника. Обзор литературы и собственный опыт</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of TLIF/PLIF in lumbar spine nerve root anomalies. The literature review and own experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3549-0794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басанкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basankin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Вадимович Басанкин </p><p>350086 Краснодар, ул. 1 Мая, 167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Basankin </p><p>167 1 May St., Krasnodar 350086</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">basankin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-4007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гюльзатян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Giulzatyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350086 Краснодар, ул. 1 Мая, 167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>167 1 May St., Krasnodar 350086</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-6790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тахмазян</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Takhmazyan</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350086 Краснодар, ул. 1 Мая, 167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>167 1 May St., Krasnodar 350086</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-1713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахов</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhov</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350086 Краснодар, ул. 1 Мая, 167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>167 1 May St., Krasnodar 350086</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-5220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томина</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomina</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350086 Краснодар, ул. 1 Мая, 167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>167 1 May St., Krasnodar 350086</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-251X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалов</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350086 Краснодар, ул. 1 Мая, 167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>167 1 May St., Krasnodar 350086</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ-Краснодарская краевая клиническая больница №1 им. профессора С.В. Очаповского» Минздрава Краснодарского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute Krasnodar Regional Hospital 1 after prof. S.V. Ochapovsky, Spinal surgery department №3</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Басанкин И.В., Гюльзатян А.А., Тахмазян К.К., Малахов С.Б., Томина М.И., Шаповалов В.К., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Басанкин И.В., Гюльзатян А.А., Тахмазян К.К., Малахов С.Б., Томина М.И., Шаповалов В.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Basankin I.V., Giulzatyan A.A., Takhmazyan K.K., Malakhov S.B., Tomina M.I., Shapovalov V.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1080">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1080</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Аномалии корешков поясничного отдела позвоночника часто не диагностируются на предоперационном этапе и могут вызвать технические трудности при выполнении декомпрессивно‑стабилизирующих вмешательств на позвоночнике.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучить клинические особенности пациентов с аномалиями поясничных корешков на фоне дегенеративных заболеваний позвоночника, разработать технические приемы, позволяющие предохранять от повреждения аномальные нервные корешки во время выполнения операций типа TLIF/PLIF.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения 9 больных, оперированных по методике TLIF/PLIF по поводу дегенеративно‑дистрофических заболеваний поясничного отдела позвоночника в 2018– 2019 гг. Распределение выявленных в позвоночнике изменений проводилось согласно классификации Schizas, Meyerding и Neidre &amp; Macnab.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Изучаемая группа пациентов составила 0,63 % всех оперированных больных по методике TLIF/PLIF (n = 1432). Ни в одном случае предоперационное рутинное изучение результатов МРТ не позволило достоверно выявить аномалию развития нервного корешка. У 6 (66,7 %) пациентов радикулярные боли проявлялись в 2 дерматомах, интраоперационно у этих больных были выявлены соединенные корешки (Ia). У 3 (33,3 %) пациентов имели место радикулярные боли по нескольким (&gt;2) дерматомам. Симптом натяжения корешков (симптом Ласега) был отрицательный у 8 (88,9 %) пациентов. Интенсивность дооперационного болевого синдрома в ноге составля‑ ла в среднем 6,44 балла по визуально‑аналоговой шкале, в спине – 6,11 балла, а в послеоперационном периоде отмечено его снижение до уровня 0,7 и 2,1 балла соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Клиническими предоперационными маркерами наличия аномалий корешков могут быть двухдерматомные корешковые проявления при наличии одноуровнего процесса, а также отсутствие симптома натяжения при выраженной радикулопатии. Интраоперационное выявление аномалий требует от хирурга взвешенного под‑ хода к выбору способа хирургического вмешательства. Для предупреждения ятрогенных повреждений нервных корешков в условиях выявленной аномалии на этапе хирургического лечения необходимо изменение стратегии предоперационного планирования в пользу выбора контралатеральной стороны для межтелового спондилодеза. Кроме того, тракция корешка и межтеловая дистракция должны быть минимальными.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Anomalies of the roots of the lumbar spine are often not diagnosed at the preoperative stage and may cause technical difficulties during performing decompression‑stabilization surgeries of spine.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To study the clinical features of patients with anomalies of the lumbar roots on the background of de‑ generative diseases of the spine, to develop techniques to protect abnormal nerve roots from damage during TLIF/PLIF.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Performed retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 9 patients whom were done TLIF/PLIF for degenerative‑dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine in the period from 2018–2019 was. The distribution of changes detected in the spine was carried out according to the classification of Schizas, Meyerding and Neidre &amp; Macnab.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study group of patients was 0.63 % of all operated patients using the TLIF/PLIF technique (n = 1432). Developmental anomalies of the nerve roots were not identified during routine MRI in all patients. In six patients (66.7 %), radicular pain manifested in two dermatomes; intraoperatively, these patients had conjoint roots (Ia). Three pa‑ tients (33.3 %) had radicular pain in several (&gt;2) dermatomes. The root tension sign (Lasegue sign) was negative in eight (88.9 %) patients. The intensity of the preoperative pain syndrome in the leg averaged 6.44 (VAS), in the back 6.11, and in the postoperative period it decreased to 0.7 and 2.1, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Clinical preoperative markers for the presence of root anomalies can be two‑dermatomal radicular mani‑ festations in the presence of a single‑level process, as well as the absence of a Lasegue sign in severe radiculopathy. Intraoperative detection of anomalies requires a balanced approach to the choice of the method of surgical intervention from the surgeon. To prevent iatrogenic damage of anomaly roots at the stage of surgical treatment, it is necessary to change the preoperative planning strategy in favor of choosing the contralateral side for interbody fusion. In addition, root traction and interbody distraction should be minimal.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аномалии корешков</kwd><kwd>стеноз позвоночного канала</kwd><kwd>повреждение корешка</kwd><kwd>декомпрессивно‑стабилизирующие операции</kwd><kwd>TLIF</kwd><kwd>PLIF</kwd><kwd>симптом натяжения корешка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>root anomalies</kwd><kwd>spinal stenosis</kwd><kwd>root injury</kwd><kwd>decompression and stabilization operations</kwd><kwd>TLIF</kwd><kwd>PLIF</kwd><kwd>root tension sign</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pamir M.N., Ozek M.M., Ozer A.F., Keleş G.E., Erzen C. Surgical considerations in patients with lumbar spinal root anomalies. Paraplegia 1992;30(5):370–5. DOI: 10.1038/sc.1992.85. PMID: 1598180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pamir M.N., Ozek M.M., Ozer A.F., Keleş G.E., Erzen C. Surgical considerations in patients with lumbar spinal root anomalies. Paraplegia 1992;30(5):370–5. DOI: 10.1038/sc.1992.85. PMID: 1598180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artico M., Carloia S., Piacentini M. et al. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots: observations on three cases and review of the literature. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2006;17(1):54–9. DOI:10.1016/s1130-1473(06)70370-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artico M., Carloia S., Piacentini M. et al. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots: observations on three cases and review of the literature. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2006;17(1):54–9. DOI:10.1016/s1130-1473(06)70370-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naffaa L., Neville Ch., Saade G., Sreedher I. Congenital anomalies of lumbosacral spine: A pictorial review. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2017;61(2):216–24. DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12499.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naffaa L., Neville Ch., Saade G., Sreedher I. Congenital anomalies of lumbosacral spine: A pictorial review. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2017;61(2):216–24. DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12499.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jokhi V.H., Ponde S.V., Sonawane C. et al. Conjoint Lumbosacral Nerve Root-A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep 2015;5(4):14–6. DOI:10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jokhi V.H., Ponde S.V., Sonawane C. et al. Conjoint Lumbosacral Nerve Root-A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep 2015;5(4):14–6. DOI:10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morishita Y., Ohta H., Matsumoto Y. et al. Intra-operative identification of conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots: a report of three cases. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2012;20(1):90–3. DOI: 10.1177/230949901202000118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morishita Y., Ohta H., Matsumoto Y. et al. Intra-operative identification of conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots: a report of three cases. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2012;20(1):90–3. DOI: 10.1177/230949901202000118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chotigavanich C., Sawangnatra S. Anomalies of the lumbosacral nerve roots. An anatomic investigation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992;(278):46–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chotigavanich C., Sawangnatra S. Anomalies of the lumbosacral nerve roots. An anatomic investigation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992;(278):46–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Houra K., Beros V., Kovac D. et al. Accidental finding of an anomalous spinal nerve root during lumbar-disc surgery: a case report and a review of literature. Coll Antropol 2010;34(3):1105–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houra K., Beros V., Kovac D. et al. Accidental finding of an anomalous spinal nerve root during lumbar-disc surgery: a case report and a review of literature. Coll Antropol 2010;34(3):1105–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davidson D., Rowan R., Reilly C. Lumbosacral nerve root anomaly associated with spondylolisthesis in an adolescent: a case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006;31(19):E718–E721. DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000232808.09107.f4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson D., Rowan R., Reilly C. Lumbosacral nerve root anomaly associated with spondylolisthesis in an adolescent: a case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006;31(19):E718–E721. DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000232808.09107.f4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salehi S.A., Tawk R., Ganju A. et al. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: surgical technique and results in 24 patients. Neurosurgery 2004;54(2):368–74. DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000103493.25162.18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salehi S.A., Tawk R., Ganju A. et al. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: surgical technique and results in 24 patients. Neurosurgery 2004;54(2):368–74. DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000103493.25162.18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афаунов А.А., Басанкин И.В., Кузьменко А.В. и др. Предоперационное планирование при хирургическом лечении больных с поясничным спинальным стенозом дегенеративной этиологии. Инновационная медицина Кубани 2020;(1):6–15. https://doi.org/10.35401/2500-0268-2020-17-1-6-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afaunov A.A., Basankin I.V., Kuzmenko A.V. et al. Preoperative planning in surgical treatment of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis of degenerative etiology. Innovatsionnaya meditsina Kubani = Innovative Medicine of Kuban 2020;(1):6–15. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.35401/2500-0268-2020-17-1-6-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scuderi G.J., Vaccaro A.R., Brusovanik G.V. et al. Conjoined lumbar nerve roots: a frequently underappreciated congenital abnormality. J Spinal Disord Tech 2004;17(2):86–93. DOI: 10.1097/00024720-200404000-00002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scuderi G.J., Vaccaro A.R., Brusovanik G.V. et al. Conjoined lumbar nerve roots: a frequently underappreciated congenital abnormality. J Spinal Disord Tech 2004;17(2):86–93. DOI: 10.1097/00024720-200404000-00002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burke S.M., Safain M.G., Kryzanski J., Riesenburger R.I. Nerve root anomalies: implications for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery and a review of the Neidre and Macnab classification system. Neurosurg Focus 2013;35(2):E9. DOI: 10.3171/2013.2.FOCUS1349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burke S.M., Safain M.G., Kryzanski J., Riesenburger R.I. Nerve root anomalies: implications for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery and a review of the Neidre and Macnab classification system. Neurosurg Focus 2013;35(2):E9. DOI: 10.3171/2013.2.FOCUS1349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neidre A., MacNab I. Anomalies of the lumbosacral nerve roots. Review of 16 cases and classification. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1983;8(3):294–9. DOI: 10.1097/00007632-19830400000010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neidre A., MacNab I. Anomalies of the lumbosacral nerve roots. Review of 16 cases and classification. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1983;8(3):294–9. DOI: 10.1097/00007632-19830400000010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Böttcher J., Petrovitch A., Sörös P. et al. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots: current aspects of diagnosis. Eur Spine J 2004;13(2):147–51. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-003-0634-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Böttcher J., Petrovitch A., Sörös P. et al. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots: current aspects of diagnosis. Eur Spine J 2004;13(2):147–51. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-003-0634-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song S.J., Lee J.W., Choi J.Y. et al. Imaging features suggestive of a conjoined nerve root on routine axial MRI. Skeletal Radiol 2008;37(2):133–8. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-007-0403-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song S.J., Lee J.W., Choi J.Y. et al. Imaging features suggestive of a conjoined nerve root on routine axial MRI. Skeletal Radiol 2008;37(2):133–8. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-007-0403-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bridwell K.H., Lenke L.G., McEnery K.W. et al. Anterior fresh frozen structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Do they work if combined with posterior fusion and instrumentation in adult patients with kyphosis or anterior column defects? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995;20(12):1410–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bridwell K.H., Lenke L.G., McEnery K.W. et al. Anterior fresh frozen structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Do they work if combined with posterior fusion and instrumentation in adult patients with kyphosis or anterior column defects? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995;20(12):1410–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cole C.D., McCall T.D., Schmidt M.H., Dailey A.T. Comparison of low back fusion techniques: transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) approaches. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2009;2(2):118–26. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-009-9053-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cole C.D., McCall T.D., Schmidt M.H., Dailey A.T. Comparison of low back fusion techniques: transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) approaches. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2009;2(2):118–26. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-009-9053-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L., Yang J., Hai Y. et al. Relationship of the Exiting Nerve Root and Superior Articular Process in Kambin’s Triangle: Assessment of Lumbar Anatomy Using Cadavers and Computed Tomography Imaging. World Neurosurg 2020;137:e336-e342. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.195. PMID: 32028008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L., Yang J., Hai Y. et al. Relationship of the Exiting Nerve Root and Superior Articular Process in Kambin’s Triangle: Assessment of Lumbar Anatomy Using Cadavers and Computed Tomography Imaging. World Neurosurg 2020;137:e336-e342. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.195. PMID: 32028008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomez J.G., Dickey J.W., Bachow T.B. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots. Acta neurochirurgica 1993;120(3–4): 155–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF02112035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomez J.G., Dickey J.W., Bachow T.B. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots. Acta neurochirurgica 1993;120(3–4): 155–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02112035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoddick W.K., Helms C.A. Bony spinal canal changes that differentiate conjoined nerve roots from herniated nucleus pulposus. Radiology 1985;154(1):119–20. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.154.1.3964929.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoddick W.K., Helms C.A. Bony spinal canal changes that differentiate conjoined nerve roots from herniated nucleus pulposus. Radiology 1985;154(1):119–20. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.154.1.3964929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agnoli A.L. Anomale Wurzelabgänge im lumbosacralen Bereich und ihre klinische Bedeutung [Anomalies of the pattern of lumbosacral nerve roots and its clinical significance (author’s transl)]. J Neurol 1976;211(3):217–28. DOI: 10.1007/BF00313232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agnoli A.L. Anomale Wurzelabgänge im lumbosacralen Bereich und ihre klinische Bedeutung [Anomalies of the pattern of lumbosacral nerve roots and its clinical significance (author’s transl)]. J Neurol 1976;211(3):217–28. DOI: 10.1007/BF00313232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taghipour M., Razmkon A., Hosseini K. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots: analysis of cases diagnosed intraoperatively. J Spinal Disord Tech 2009;22(6):413–6. DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e31818f00a0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taghipour M., Razmkon A., Hosseini K. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots: analysis of cases diagnosed intraoperatively. J Spinal Disord Tech 2009;22(6):413–6. DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e31818f00a0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White J.G. 3rd, Strait T.A., Binkley J.R., Hunter S.E. Surgical treatment of 63 cases of conjoined nerve roots. J Neurosurg 1982;56(1):114–7. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1982.56.1.0114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White J.G. 3rd, Strait T.A., Binkley J.R., Hunter S.E. Surgical treatment of 63 cases of conjoined nerve roots. J Neurosurg 1982;56(1):114–7. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1982.56.1.0114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haijiao W., Koti M., Smith F.W., Wardlaw D. Diagnosis of lumbosacral nerve root anomalies by magnetic resonance imaging. J Spinal Disord 2001;14(2):143–9. DOI: 10.1097/00002517-200104000-00009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haijiao W., Koti M., Smith F.W., Wardlaw D. Diagnosis of lumbosacral nerve root anomalies by magnetic resonance imaging. J Spinal Disord 2001;14(2):143–9. DOI: 10.1097/00002517-200104000-00009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suh S.W., Shingade V.U., Lee S.H. et al. Origin of lumbar spinal roots and their relationship to intervertebral discs: a cadaver and radiological study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005;87(4):518–22. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.87B4.15529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suh S.W., Shingade V.U., Lee S.H. et al. Origin of lumbar spinal roots and their relationship to intervertebral discs: a cadaver and radiological study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005;87(4):518–22. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.87B4.15529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang C.H., Shin M.J., Kim S.M. et al. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots compromised by disk herniation: sagittal shoulder sign for the preoperative diagnosis. Skeletal Radiol 2008;37(3):225–31. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-007-0421-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang C.H., Shin M.J., Kim S.M. et al. Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots compromised by disk herniation: sagittal shoulder sign for the preoperative diagnosis. Skeletal Radiol 2008;37(3):225–31. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-007-0421-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
