<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2021-23-3-30-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1074</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты раннего назначения низкомолекуляр‑ ного гепарина с целью профилактики венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений после удаления опухолей головного мозга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of early administration of low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after removal of brain tumors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-2212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бервицкий</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bervitskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Владимирович Бервицкий </p><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1,</p><p>630117 Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2,</p><p>630090 Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly V. Bervitsky</p><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087, </p><p>2 Timakova St., Novosibirsk 630117, </p><p>15 Academika Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_bervitskiy@neuronsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гужин</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guzhin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-3004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мойсак</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moisak</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1,</p><p>630090 Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087, </p><p>1 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имамурзаев</surname><given-names>Э. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imamurzaev</surname><given-names>E. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127473 Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 1, 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7537-3846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амелина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amelina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630090 Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-5549</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиновский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinovsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-8960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рзаев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rzayev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630087 Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 132/1,</p><p>630090 Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>132/1 Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk 630087, </p><p>1 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр нейрохирургии» Минздрава России; &#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт клинической и экспериментальной лимфологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»; &#13;
ФГБУН «Институт гидродинамики им. М.А. Лаврентьева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Neurosurgical Center, Ministry of Health of Russia; &#13;
Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymрhology – branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; &#13;
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр нейрохирургии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Neurosurgical Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр нейрохирургии» Минздрава России; &#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Neurosurgical Center, Ministry of Health of Russia; &#13;
Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бервицкий А.В., Гужин В.Э., Мойсак Г.И., Имамурзаев Э.З., Амелина Е.В., Калиновский А.В., Рзаев Д.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бервицкий А.В., Гужин В.Э., Мойсак Г.И., Имамурзаев Э.З., Амелина Е.В., Калиновский А.В., Рзаев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bervitskiy A.V., Guzhin V.E., Moisak G.I., Imamurzaev E.Z., Amelina E.V., Kalinovsky A.V., Rzayev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1074">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1074</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. У пациентов с опухолями головного мозга повышен риск развития венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений (ВТЭО). Наиболее эффективным методом их профилактики сегодня считается комбинация механической компрессии нижних конечностей и введения низкомолекулярного гепарина (НМГ). В 2018 г. в нашей клинике был внедрен в практику алгоритм профилактики ВТЭО, подразумевающий раннее (в течение 48 ч после операции) назначение НМГ.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценить влияние раннего назначения НМГ на частоту внутричерепных кровоизлияний (ВЧК) у пациентов, перенесших хирургическое лечение опухолей головного мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. С января 2014 г. по декабрь 2019 г. у 3266 пациентов были удалены опухоли головного мозга. В 1‑ю группу вошли 2057 пациентов, лечение которых проведено в период до внедрения алгоритма профилактики ВТЭО (2014–2017 гг.), во 2‑ю группу – 1209 пациентов, в лечении которых применяли профилактический алгоритм (2018–2019 гг.). В каждой из групп оценивали частоту и сроки развития ВЧК. Тяжесть осложнений оценивали по классификации F.A.L. Ibanez. Сравнивали данные 1‑й и 2‑й групп, а также данные пациентов, получавших и не получавших НМГ на момент возникновения ВЧК.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 1‑й группе НМГ назначали в 14,3 % случаев, в среднем на 4‑е сутки после операции, во 2‑й группе – в 89 % случаев, в среднем на 2‑е сутки. ВЧК развились у 26 (1,26 %) пациентов 1‑й группы и у 15 (1,24 %) паци‑ ентов 2‑й группы. Массивное ВЧК зарегистрировано у 6 (85,7 %) из 7 пациентов, получавших НМГ на момент его возникновения, и у 25 (73,5 %) из 34 пациентов, не получавших НМГ, данные различия не были статистически значимыми (р = 0,66).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Широкое применение НМГ с целью профилактики ВТЭО в течение 48 ч после удаления опухолей головного мозга не привело к увеличению частоты ВЧК. В то же время у пациентов с ВЧК, развившимся на фоне применения НМГ, его клиническое течение чаще было более тяжелым.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Patients with brain tumors are at increased risk for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The most effective prevention method today is a combination of mechanical compression of the lower extremities and the introduction of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). In 2018, an algorithm for the prevention of VTE was introduced in our clinic, which implies the early (in the first 48 h after surgery) administration of LMWH.</p><p>The study objective is to assess the effect of early LMWH administration on the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after removal of brain tumors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. From January 2014 to December 2019, 3266 patients underwent removal of brain tumors. The group 1 included 2057 patients who were treated in the period before the introduction of the VTE prevention algorithm (2014– 2017), the group 2 included 1209 patients who were treated using this algorithm (2018–2019). In each of the groups, the frequency and timing of ICH were assessed. The severity of complications was assessed according to the F.A.L. Ibanez classification. The data were compared between groups 1 and 2, as well as between patients who received LMWH at the time of ICH and those who did not receive.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Patients of the group 1 were prescribed LMWH in 14.3 % of cases, on average on the 4th day after surgery. In this group, 26 (1.26 %) patients developed ICH. Patients of the group 2 were prescribed LMWH in 89 % of cases, on average on the 2nd day. In this group, 15 (1.24 %) patients developed ICH. Severe complications were in 6 (85.7 %) of 7 patients who received LMWH at the time of ICH, and in 25 (73.5 %) of 34 patients who did not receive LMWH (p = 0.66).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The widespread use of LMWH for the prevention of VTE during the first 48 h after removal of brain tumors did not lead to an increase in the frequency of ICH. At the same time, patients with ICH who developed during the use of LMWH often had a more severe clinical course.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения</kwd><kwd>опухоль головного мозга</kwd><kwd>низкомолекулярный гепарин</kwd><kwd>внутричерепное кровоизлияние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>venous thromboembolic complications</kwd><kwd>brain tumor</kwd><kwd>low molecular weight heparin</kwd><kwd>intracranial hemorrhage</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Natsumeda M., Uzuka T., Watanabe J. et al. High incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the perioperative period of neurosurgical patients. World Neurosurg 2018;112:e103–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natsumeda M., Uzuka T., Watanabe J. et al. High incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the perioperative period of neurosurgical patients. World Neurosurg 2018;112:e103–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senders J.T., Goldhaber N.H., Cote D.J. et al. Venous thromboembolism and intracranial hemorrhage after craniotomy for primary malignant brain tumors: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis. J Neurooncol 2018;136(1):135–45. DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2631-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senders J.T., Goldhaber N.H., Cote D.J. et al. Venous thromboembolism and intracranial hemorrhage after craniotomy for primary malignant brain tumors: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis. J Neurooncol 2018;136(1):135–45. DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2631-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith T.R., Nanney A.D. 3rd, Lall R.R. et al. Development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing surgery for brain tumors: results from a single center over a 10 year period. J Clin Neurosci 2015;22(3):519–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith T.R., Nanney A.D. 3rd, Lall R.R. et al. Development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing surgery for brain tumors: results from a single center over a 10 year period. J Clin Neurosci 2015;22(3):519–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Российские клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений (ВТЭО). Флебология 2015;4(2). .</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Flebologiya = Phlebology 2015;4(2). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dickinson L.D., Miller L.D., Patel C.P., Gupta S.K. Enoxaparin increases the incid ence of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage when initiated preoperatively for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in patients with brain tumors. Neurosurgery 1998;43(5):1074–9. DOI: 10.1097/00006123-19981100000039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dickinson L.D., Miller L.D., Patel C.P., Gupta S.K. Enoxaparin increases the incid ence of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage when initiated preoperatively for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in patients with brain tumors. Neurosurgery 1998;43(5):1074–9. DOI: 10.1097/00006123-19981100000039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X., Zhou Y.C., Zhu W.D. et al. The risk of postoperative hemorrhage and efficacy of heparin for preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in adult patients undergoing neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Investig Med 2017;65(8):1136–46. DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X., Zhou Y.C., Zhu W.D. et al. The risk of postoperative hemorrhage and efficacy of heparin for preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in adult patients undergoing neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Investig Med 2017;65(8):1136–46. DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Algattas H., Damania D., DeAndreaLazarus I. et al. Systematic review of safety and cost-effectiveness of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis strategies in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor. Neurosurgery 2018;82(2):142–54. DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Algattas H., Damania D., DeAndreaLazarus I. et al. Systematic review of safety and cost-effectiveness of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis strategies in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor. Neurosurgery 2018;82(2):142–54. DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнякин П.Г., Рзаев Д.А., Руденко П.Г. и др. Осложнения операций на головном мозге. Красноярск: Версо, 2020. 314 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnyakin P.G., Rzaev D.A., Rudenko P.G. et al. Complications of brain surgery. Krasnoyarsk: Verso, 2020. 314 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibanez F.A.L., Hem S., Ajler P. et al. A new classification of complications in neurosurgery. World Neurosurg 2011;75(5–6):709–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2010.11.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibanez F.A.L., Hem S., Ajler P. et al. A new classification of complications in neurosurgery. World Neurosurg 2011;75(5–6):709–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2010.11.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The R project for statistical computing. Available at: https://www.r-project.org.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The R project for statistical computing. Available at: https://www.r-project.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zareba P., Wu C., Agzarian J. et al. Metaanalysis of randomized trials comparing combined compression and anticoagulation with either modality alone for prevention of venous thromboembolism after surgery. Br J Surg 2014;101(9):1053–62. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zareba P., Wu C., Agzarian J. et al. Metaanalysis of randomized trials comparing combined compression and anticoagulation with either modality alone for prevention of venous thromboembolism after surgery. Br J Surg 2014;101(9):1053–62. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9527.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamilton M.G., Yee W.H., Hull R.D., Ghali W.A. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 2011;68(3):571–81. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182093145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamilton M.G., Yee W.H., Hull R.D., Ghali W.A. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 2011;68(3):571–81. DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182093145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldhaber S.Z., Dunn K., GerhardHerman M. et al. Low rate of venous thromboembolism after craniotomy for brain tumor using multimodality prophylaxis. Chest 2002;122(6):1933–7. DOI: 10.1378/chest.122.6.1933.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldhaber S.Z., Dunn K., GerhardHerman M. et al. Low rate of venous thromboembolism after craniotomy for brain tumor using multimodality prophylaxis. Chest 2002;122(6):1933–7. DOI: 10.1378/chest.122.6.1933.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nurmohamed M.T., van Riel A.M., Henkens C.M. et al. Low molecular weight heparin and compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery. Thromb Haemost 1996;75(2):233–8. DOI: 10.1378/chest.122.6.1933.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nurmohamed M.T., van Riel A.M., Henkens C.M. et al. Low molecular weight heparin and compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery. Thromb Haemost 1996;75(2):233–8. DOI: 10.1378/chest.122.6.1933.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan N.R., Patel P.G., Sharpe J.P. et al. Chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients: an updated systematic review and metaanalysis. J Neurosurg 2018;129(4):906–15. DOI: 10.3171/2017.2.JNS162040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan N.R., Patel P.G., Sharpe J.P. et al. Chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients: an updated systematic review and metaanalysis. J Neurosurg 2018;129(4):906–15. DOI: 10.3171/2017.2.JNS162040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taniguchi S., Fukuda I., Daitoku K. et al. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgical patients. Heart Vessels 2009;24(6):425–8. DOI: 10.1007/s00380-008-1135-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taniguchi S., Fukuda I., Daitoku K. et al. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgical patients. Heart Vessels 2009;24(6):425–8. DOI: 10.1007/s00380-008-1135-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chibbaro S., Cebula H., Todeschi J. et al. Evolution of prophylaxis protocols for venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery: results from a prospective comparative study on low-molecular-weight heparin, elastic stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices. World Neurosurg 2018;109:e510–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chibbaro S., Cebula H., Todeschi J. et al. Evolution of prophylaxis protocols for venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery: results from a prospective comparative study on low-molecular-weight heparin, elastic stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices. World Neurosurg 2018;109:e510–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerlach R., Krause M., Seifert V., Goerlinger K. Hemostatic and hemorrhagic problems in neurosurgical patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2009;151(8):873–900. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-009-0409-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerlach R., Krause M., Seifert V., Goerlinger K. Hemostatic and hemorrhagic problems in neurosurgical patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2009;151(8):873–900. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-009-0409-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilhelmy F. et al. Perioperative anticoagulation in patients with intracranial meningioma: no increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage? PLoS One 2020;15(9):e0238387. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238387.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilhelmy F. et al. Perioperative anticoagulation in patients with intracranial meningioma: no increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage? PLoS One 2020;15(9):e0238387. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238387.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркина М.С., Лубнин А.Ю., Мадорский С.В. Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии у нейрохирургических больных. Часть III. Анализ клинической эффективности и безопасности комбинированной профилактики тромбоэмболических осложнений у нейрохирургических больных в периоперационном периоде. Журнал «Вопросы нейрохирургии» им. Н.Н. Бурденко 2007;(3):26–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markina M.S., Lubnin A.Yu., Madorsky S.V. Pulmonary thromboembolism in neurosurgical patients. Part 3. Analysis of the clinical effectiveness and safety of combined prevention of thromboembolic events in neurosurgical patients in the perioperative period. Zhurnal “Voprosy neirokhirurgii” im. N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2007;(3):26–31. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркина М.С., Лубнин А.Ю., Мадорский С.В., Киричкова О.А. Венозные тромбозы и тромбоэмболия легочной артерии у нейрохирургических больных. Анестезия и реаниматология 2008;(2):82–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martina M.S., Lubnin A.Yu., Madorsky S.V., Kirichkova O.A. Venous thromboses and pulmonary arterial thromboembolism in neurosurgical patients. Anesteziya i reanimatologiya = Anesthesiology and Intensive Care 2008;(2):82–4. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kleindienst A., Harvey H.B., Mater E. et al. Early antithrombotic prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in neurosurgery Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2003;145(12):1085–1091. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-003-0142-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleindienst A., Harvey H.B., Mater E. et al. Early antithrombotic prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in neurosurgery Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2003;145(12):1085–1091. DOI: 10.1007/s00701-003-0142-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
