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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurosurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нейрохирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of neurosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3295</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7569</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1683-3295-2021-23-2-34-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurosurgery-1030</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Краниопластика посттрепанационных дефектов черепа с применением аддитивных технологий 3D-печати</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cranioplasty of post-trepanation skull defects using additive 3D printing technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-7053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Братцев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brattsev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Semyonovich Brattsev</p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan.brattsev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-0267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-7389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яшин</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yashin</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-1015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатов</surname><given-names>Р. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatov</surname><given-names>R. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-9685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolaev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8037-3565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morev</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-4480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яриков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603001 Нижний Новгород, Нижневолжская наб., 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Niznevolzhskaya Emb., Nizhny Novgorod 603001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7519-0959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медяник</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medyanik</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-6199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карякин</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karyakin</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ Приволжский окружной медицинский центр ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky District Medical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Братцев И.С., Сметанина О.В., Яшин К.С., Горбатов Р.О., Ермолаев А.Ю., Морев А.В., Яриков А.В., Медяник И.А., Карякин Н.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Братцев И.С., Сметанина О.В., Яшин К.С., Горбатов Р.О., Ермолаев А.Ю., Морев А.В., Яриков А.В., Медяник И.А., Карякин Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brattsev I.S., Smetanina O.V., Yashin K.S., Gorbatov R.O., Ermolaev A.Y., Morev А.V., Yarikov A.V., Medyanik I.A., Karyakin N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1030">https://www.therjn.com/jour/article/view/1030</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. С каждым годом увеличивается количество операций с использованием персонифицированных краниопластин, изготовленных с применением аддитивных технологий BD-печати. Они позволяют осуществить оперативное вмешательство с учетом индивидуальных особенностей формы черепа пациента. Это особенно важно при закрытии обширных и сложных дефектов, распространяющихся со свода черепа на кости лицевого скелета. Одним из инновационных направлений применения технологий послойного синтеза в краниопластике является создание имплантатов, преформированных по индивидуальным 3D-печатным макетам. Однако сравнительных исследований по оценке результатов лечения пациентов с применением данных краниоимплантатов и имплантатов, индивидуализированных методом традиционного интраоперационного моделирования, в доступных источниках нами не обнаружено.</p><p>Цель исследования - сравнить результаты лечения пациентов с использованием краниопластин, преформированных по индивидуальным 3D-печатным макетам черепа, и с применением традиционного интраоперационного моделирования. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 50 пациентов с посттрепанационными дефектами черепа. Всем была выполнена краниопластика. В зависимости от методики индивидуализации краниоимплантата пациенты разделены на 2 группы: 1-я - с применением индивидуальных 3D-печатных макетов (п = 32), 2-я - с применением традиционного интраоперационного моделирования (п = 18).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Группы статистически значимо различались по продолжительности интраоперационного этапа краниопластики, послеоперационному и общему количеству койко-дней, степени симметрии и финансовым затратам. Не было выявлено различий по количеству предоперационных койко-дней, количеству точек фиксации имплантатов, объему интраоперационной кровопотери и качеству жизни по опроснику SF-36. В 1-й группе по сравнению со 2-й была ниже частота послеоперационных осложнений (6,3 и 16,7 % соответственно).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Современные технологии 3D-печати позволяют воссоздавать модели костей черепа с учетом индивидуальных особенностей пациента, тем самым предоставляя время для тщательного планирования операции еще на амбулаторном этапе. Изготовление преформированных по 3D-печатным макетам краниопластин обеспечивает прецизионное закрытие посттрепанационных дефектов, обеспечивая лучшее восстановление контуров черепа, существенное уменьшение продолжительности этапа краниопластики. Применение данной технологии не приводит к значимому удорожанию лечения по сравнению с традиционным интраоперационным моделированием.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Every year, there is an increase in the number of operations performed using personalized cranioplasts, which are made with additive 3D printing technologies. They allow surgical intervention, taking into account the characteristics of the shape of the patient's skull. This is especially important when closing large and complex defects extending from the cranial vault to the bones of the facial skeleton. One of the innovative applications of additive technologies in cranioplasty is the creation of implants, preformed based on individual 3D-printed models. However, no preliminary estimates of the results of treatment of patients using the traditional methods of cranial implants and individualized modeling methods were found in the available literary sources.</p><p>The study objective is to compare the results of treatment using cranioplasts, preformed based on individual 3D-printed skull models and using traditional intraoperative modeling.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A study of 50 patients with post-craniotomy defects of the skull. All patients have undergone cranioplasty. Depending on the technique of individualization of the cranial implants, patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st - using individual 3D-printed models (n = 32), 2nd - traditional intraoperative modeling (n = 18).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Statistically, the groups differed significantly in terms of the duration of the intraoperative stage of cranioplasty, postoperative and total hospital stay, indicators of symmetry and financial costs. No differences were found in the duration of the preoperative hospital stay, the number of implant fixation points, the volume of intraoperative blood loss and the quality of life according to the SF-36. The first group (6.25 %) in comparison with the second (16.7 %) had a smaller number of postoperative complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Modern 3D printing technologies recreate bone models based on patients' individual characteristics, thereby providing time for careful planning of the operation, even at the outpatient stage. The results of the study showed that the usage of cranioplasts preformed with 3D-printed models provides precise closure of post-craniotomy defects, better restoration of the skull contours, and a significant reduction in the duration of the cranioplasty stage. The use of the technology does not lead to a significant increase in the cost of treatment using traditional intraoperative modeling.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>краниоэктомия</kwd><kwd>краниопластика</kwd><kwd>пластика дефектов черепа</kwd><kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd><kwd>fused deposition modeling</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>SF-36</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>craniectomy</kwd><kwd>cranioplasty</kwd><kwd>plastics of skull defects</kwd><kwd>additive technologies</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>Fused Deposition Modeling</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>SF-36</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Лебедев О.В. Неотложная нейрохирургия. М.: Медицина, 2000. 568 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov V.V., Lebedev O.V. Emergency neurosurgery. 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